WW1 German Torpedo Boats

Germany (1871-1918): 177 TBs prewar, 96 WW1 (112 planned) Total: 273

TBs at the heart of a transition: From a coastal to a blue water navy

Until the Hochseetorpedoboats (see the earlier article) which were destroyer in all but name, German Torpedo-boats had the responsibility of defending territorial waters of Germany. They were of limited size and therefore of limited value in the rough seas of the North, notably beyond the Dogger Bank. However they were much more at ease in the Baltic.

German TBs WW1
Author's montage of main Torpedo Boat classes, and appareance of all classes 1883-1918

An introduction

It was in the field of torpedo warfare that the young German Navy showed the most originality as well as the light cruiser. It is for this reason that the Zieten and her successors, though fundamentally torpedo vessels, have been listed under cruisers. At the time the Zieten was ordered experiments had already been made with small launches and bigger tug-type vesselsusing spar torpedoes.

Later a few boats armed with 'fish' torpedoes were built, but it was not until1884 that Germany started building up a large force of torpedo boats. Orders were placed with a number of German builders, and two boats were purchased from the best British builders for comparison. The result of this sensible procedure was to establish the primacy of the firm of Schichau who then built nearly all the subsequent classes of German torpedo boats.

SMS basilisk
SMS Basilisk (1862). This Prussian Navy gunboat was armed with a single 381 mm torpedo tube.

They also successfully exported their boats and designs to many foreign navies. Schichau's foreign sales were Germany's one export success with warships in this period, but a very noteworthy one. The typical Schichau boat had a distinctive, almost pear-shaped hull, with its greatest breadth well aft, and two funnels side by side well forward.

The German Navy very sensibly insisted on sturdiness and seaworthiness as being more important than a high trial speed in their boats, and equally sensibly built rather larger versions of each class as leaders for each flotilla (Division Boats or 'D' boats). Though in a way a prefiguration of the torpedo boat destroyer their basic purpose was different; they were scaled-up torpedo boat designs, it is true, but their extra size was for carrying the extra complement of a flotilla leader, and for extra seaworthiness, not to carry the heavier gun armament to deal with their smaller sisters.

Italian Schichau TB
A typical Schichau design for the Regia Marina - The pear-shaped section as seen for aboove is obvious.

They were also considerably slower than the first British destroyers, so it was a sensible move to order a modified version of one of these (D10) to investigate the new type. Afterwards Germany continued to pursue her own course by continuing to give more importance than other navies to torpedoes than to guns in her designs, which, though similar to foreign destroyers, she continued to class as 'large torpedo boats'.

Schneewitchen
SMS Schneewitchen - Launched on December 20, 1888 at the Gdańsk Imperial Shipyard. She was a former small steel-built torpedo boat (34.61 m long and 4.14 m wide, 2.15 m draft, 72 tons standard). She was armed by two 35 cm torpedo tubes and 37 mm Hotchkiss cannons. Soon technically outdated, disarmed in 1898, she was converted into a station yacht (photo). On January 30, 1899, "Snow White" served at the naval station of the Baltic Sea in Kiel and servived well into the late 1920s.

Another peculiarly German feature was the short raised trawler-type forecastle, which was adopted in her first destroyers and as part of the search for seaworthiness which continued to be a distinctive feature of German ships of this type until after 1914. Because of the continuing emphasis on the primacy of torpedo attack, German vessels remained lower in silhouette, and less well armed with guns than their British contemporaries.

The First World War was to prove that the heavier guns of British destroyers were, paradoxically, the better answer for successful torpedo attacks, as British destroyers were more successful in breaking through escort screens of their own type of ship than their German equivalents. However the German torpedo craft were excellent, seaworthy designs, and not to be despised as fighting ships. Although examples of foreign designs were purchased, Germany did not otherwise build any second class torpedo boats designed to be carried and launched by larger ships. Instead she concentrated on the more sensible course of adapting ordinary ships' boats to carry torpedoes when necessary.

Early origins

Schichau 1880s Torpedo Boat
A Schichau 1880s Torpedo Boat

Called Torpedoboote, similar to the British word, their lineage can be traced back to the invention of the torpedo and even before, with spar-torpedo vessels of the Prussian Navy, such as the semi-experimental boats of Devrient, Waltjen, Vulcan and Holberg series in 1871-75. So pretty much right after the unification of Germany, as the result of the Franco-Prussian war of 1870, proclaimed on 18 January 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles in France, and very much the work of crafty and ambitious Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck.

Of course the collection of small kingdoms and principalities of that time had no proper maritime traditions, nor a maritime area but Prussia. The German Navy was gradually built-up from a minor Prussian fleet, and in 1864, almost built from scratch, this small force participated in the battle of Heligoland between the Danish and Austrian fleets, playing a small part. But on the background, the new German Empire was fast becoming the industrial powerhouse of continental Europe.

In this context it was made clear by Bismarck that the Imperial Navy built on the shoulders of the tiny Prussian fleet, should at least rival its neighbours from Sweden, Denmark, or even Holland under ten years. This was achieved gradually at the end of the 1880s, but the ascendency on the Throne of a young, ambitious and Navy-nerd Kaiser Wilhelm impulsed a vigorous energy to the Imperial Navy, now on the path to rival the great naval powers of the time, France, Russia, and soon, the mighty Royal Navy. Light torpedo vessels were still favoured as a coastal backup defense, at least until the submarine was developed.

Austro-Hungarian Schichau boat N°38
Austro-Hungarian Schichau boat N°38

Development of German torpedo boats

From 6 vessels in 1875, 28 in 1885, the Kaiserliches Marine numbers of torpedo-launching vessels rose to 77 in 1890, 99 five years later and 124 in 1905. There was a clear slowdown as their high seas equivalents had clear preference to be part of a more prestigious Hochseeflotte. From 1905, the torpedo service would also be in competition with the new and promising U-Boats, the first of these, U-1 was just being completed.

In fact, the Hochseeflotte listed no TB, only destroyers, the "Hochseetorpedoboote". The name reflected the fact, this was just considered as a continuation of the first class torpedo boats, later "Division boats": Indeed, the latter were very much seen as transitional vessels, in size, armament and displacement quite close to the first generation of "destroyers", the Thornycroft, Schichau and Germaniawerft boats of 1896 to 1904. In 1914 however they were seen as "second class" and assimilated to torpedo boats.

Indeed the first German Naval Law of 1898 legislated construction of an ocean-going battle fleet, accompanied by flotillas of larger and seaworthy torpedo boats, soon called Grosse Torpedo Boats, and later generally "High seas torpedo boats". Initially they were given numbers but were ultimately separated in 1911. In 1906 already, former D-class and S-classes of early destroyers were reclassified as torpedo boats.

The 1912 naval law stated that 108 boats were required, in three flotillas, and with three flotilla leaders, alongside 54 submarines, with a material reserve of 36 TBs and 18 submarines and a single flotilla leader.

S19
1912 program VII Flotilla Hochseetorpedoboote S19, a development of 1900-1904 Grosse Torpedoboote vessels

Enlisted TBs in 1914

Torpedo boats in German service failed to be stay numerous in service (compared to France in 1900 for example). Dating between 1886 and 1898 and built by Schichau in immense majority (T11-T65 ex-"S" and T66-89) they preceded the "Gross Torpedboote" themselves, precursors of the fleet Hochseetorpedoboote.

They were led by "division boats", German's flotlla leaders, sort of large coastal torpedo boat. These were the D1-9 also built by Schichau between 1886 and 1894. (Second class for the T11-65, first for the T66-89). Note that Schichau had also built 4 "destroyers" for China in 1898, one of which was returned to the German Empire after a capture in 1900 during the Allied operation against the Taku forts (See the note about S90).

S125
S125, of the S90 class, in Kiel

The new series started with SMS V1, while older vessels were given a 'T-'prefix. A grand total of 336 torpedo vessels were ordered for the German navy, all combined. This was more than the S-Boote of WW2, but torpedo boats as such were only a fraction of these numbers, in 1914, about 120 were still in service: Of the 75 early torpedo boats still listed in 1906, only a fraction of the late 1890s models remained active, and were either used as minesweepers or for other duties or scrapped before 1920. The most valuable of the 1914 torpedo boats were the nine "division boats" (1886-94) and the 43 destroyers re-classed in 1906. In 1914, the "S" became a "T" to free the letter for new hochseetorpedoboote.

S95
S95, of the S90 class.

Wartime German Torpedo Boats

S68
SMS S68, A-III type

Therefore, no strictly speaking "torpedo boats" was built after 1894, and until... 1915. When it appeared these small, cheap, short range boats still could be very useful when deployed close to the enemy, from the occupied Belgian coast in particular. Zeebruge became a nest of torpedo boats in 1917. They were less complex and faster than submarine, and crews faster to train. Four classes were designed, with a process which started in 1914 already, at first for coastal defence, as 1890s boats were now obsolescent.

To the twenty-five A5 boats built in 1915 succeeded larger A26 types (23 built), six of the A50 type, and an ambitious program for the A56 class, which at nearly 400 tonnes were more than thrice the displacement of the A1 three years prior, and reached the level of early destroyers such as the "division boats" of the 1890s. However their torpedo armament was reduced to a single tube, and mostly relied on their light artillery, short-range but accurate 88 mm guns. These were in effect, more fast gunboats than torpedo-boats. By comparison, the 1890s Division boats had three torpedo tubes and up to six Hotchkiss guns.

Armament and tactics

In the 1870s, the use of spar-torpedo vessels was reduced to a single possible use: Either against a stationary target, or a very slowly moving ones. They were built essentially to disrupt a blockade, with the recent American Confederate vessels and tactics in mind. The first nine were essentially tugs, 24 to 33 tons, but a single 430 tonnes vessel was converted in 1876 for the sake of reaching better speeds.

The first proper torpedoboote, with torpedo-launching tubes, appeared in 1882. Production was limited, and just like other navies of the time, Italy, Japan, Austria-Hungary or Russia, Germany ordered vessels to British Yards, notably the specialist of the type, Thornycroft, assisted by White for this order. These vessels, ans those who followed in the 1885-95 period were all considered "first class".

G7
SMS G7 in action

Tactically, they diverged little from contemporary vessels. Organized into flotillas (without specialized leading vessel before the 1912 naval law), they were scrambled if a an enemy ship or squadron was spotted, rushed to the locations at 15-16 knots on average to spare their coal and engines, and then sped up to 18-22 knots for the attack, in formations that allowed them to close, fire and then retire in sequence.

Their limited gunnery was there only to combat similar vessels, and quick-firing. Early models had a single standard 37 mm Hotchkiss gun. Very fast, but very close range, it was here to cripple the enemy crew, having no protection on the turtle-deck of these frail vessels. These were essentially close defence weapons. The offensive weapon was of course the torpedo.

Torpedo Tubes
The explosive power of these early torpedoes was fairly limited: Until the 1890s, the standard model was 35 cm in diameter (14 in), but late vessels of the Schichau 1890s were armed with three 45 cm tubes (18 in). Division boats and early destroyers were armed the same, and stayed the same on WW1-era new torpedoboote, whereas the transition to 50 cm tubes took plane on destroyers from the 1909 naval law.

Guns
There were three types of guns in service with German torpedo boats:
-37 mm Hotchkiss: The French-American brand light semi-automatic guns were a huge international success and found their way in 1880s German torpedo boats. In general two or three were carried.-50 mm Krupp: It was designed around 1905 and used fixed QF ammunition. In total it was 2.86 m (9 ft 5 in) long with an A-tube, rifled, steel construction with reinforcing hoops from the trunnions to the breech. It used the semi-automatic Krupp horizontal sliding-block breech.

-88 mm Krupp: Two models were used, the 30 and 35 calibers. The 1892 8.8 cm SK L/30 gun was a 2.64 meters, 644 kg (1,420 lb) gun fitted with the Wedge type Krupp horizontal sliding block, widely used from U-Boats to battleships.
The L/35 variant was introduced in 1904 and measured 3.08 m (10 ft 1 in). It was used notably on the S90 class TBs.

Prewar torpedo vessels (no longer active in 1914)

German Spar-Torpedo Vessels (1872-75)

All this time, the torpedo was used as the classic deterrent, more than mines, that were not developed as far as in other navies. An Austrian invention, the torpedo was imported and tested right after its 1860s equivalent, the "spar torpedo". A crude explosive at the business end of a long spar, hence the name: A naval explosive was named a 'torpedo' back then.

In 1875, the Imperial Navy had 6 of these vessels to protect its harbors, trained to be used at night against blockading ships, such as the French Navy during the last war. In total, six were built in different yards until 1874, and in 1875 a large one converted. Interestingly enough, the very early 1s class V to XI torpedo boats built by Weser Yards in 1882 could alternatively carry a spar torpedo.

Devrient serie 1871
Three 33 tonnes, 20.3 x 3.3 x 1.9m small steam launched. They had a simple loco engines producing 250 ihp, enough for 8 knots. Numbered I-III like the following series. In 1875 the experiment was stopped and they were reclassified as minelayers (n°4-6). In 1881 they became auxiliary TBs, fitted with a single 381 mm bow TT and again numbered I-III. They were discarded in 1885 for good.

Waltjen serie 1871
Three 24 tonnes, 14.6 x 3.22 x 1.8 m vessels, 60 ihp and 7 knots. Small versions of the first, minelayers N°1-3 in 1875, discarded 1881.

Vulcan serie 1872
Three paddle wheel tugs from the same yard, converted as spar torpedo vessels. They were Notus (I), 303 tonnes, Zephir and Rival, 129 tonnes. Rival tested a water pump jet for a time. She was the only one retained for experimental purposes, while the two others were converted back as tugs quickly, while Rival was minelayer N°4 until 1884, and a tug again.

SMS Ulan (Möller e Holberg 1875)
This large tug was at first torpedo steamer n°IV, she displaced 431 tonnes, with dimensions 36.38 x 8 x 437 m. She had a 782 ihp steam engine, enough to reach 12 knots and a crew of 41 officers and sailors. She had two funnels in tandem, and was rebuilt soon after launch in 1876 to carry a 381 mm bow TT and three 37 mm Hotchkiss revolving cannons. Use for research for the Navy, she became a torpedo school tender and then a barge in 1909, seeing WW1. She was sold in 1919, possibly used as a tug again and BU in 1926.

Kaiserliche Marine The prewar series: First class TBs (1882-98)

The first classes were rather experimental, with fourteen homogeneous series and eleven prototypes, plus a serie from Thornycroft until 1890. They were led by nine "Divisionsboote" which were flotilla leaders in practice. Here is the list by yards for simplification according to Conway's.

Weser series (14 boats)

-N°V-XI serie (1882): 7 boats, the oldest Torpedo Boats built as such in the German Navy.
They displaced 55 tons, measured 31.5 x 3.93 x 2.05 m, had a single shaft compound steam engine rathed for 590 ihp, allowing them to reach 19.5 knots. They were armed with two 350 mm TTs located in the bow, plus two reloads and a single Hotchkiss gun. They were originally named Schutze, Flink, Sharf, Tapfer, Kühn, Wörwarts, and Sicher, and later roman numerals. They were well armed but not satisfactory and were retired from service in 1891 as TBs, reclassed in other duties, no longer listed in 1914.
Jäger (1883) Torpedo Gunboat: Single experimental vessel. Much too small to be classed as a cruiser, she displaced 183 tonnes.
Dimensions: 34.8 x 5.58 x 2.6 m, single shaft compound steam engine rated for 550 ihp, 15 knots. She was armed with two 350 mm TTs and a single Hotchkiss gun.
originally she was to carry a 87 mm gun fore ad aft as a standard gunboat, but a pair of TTs were added at the bow. She was used for research and discarded in 1889, used in other roles and BU in 1900.W1 class (1884): Six boats displacing 90 tonnes, 34.91 x 3.92 x 2.38 m in dimensions, propelled by a single shaft compound steam engine rated for 910 ihp, and could reach 19.5 knots. Armament was two 35 cm bow TTs, two reloads, and two Hotchkiss guns. Numbered at first XII-XVII. Information is scarce about these. No longer active in 1914. It seems Weser boats were not a pleasant experience for the German Navy despite their speed. The admiralty in parrallel already ordered boats in 1883 to Thornycroft and many other yards before adopting Schichau's designs.

Vulcan series (10 boats)

Ten 1st class TBs at first numbered XVII-XXVIII, then V1-V10, built in 1884. Rather small, they displaced 68 tonnes, measured 32.91 x 3.92 x 2.38 m. They were powered by a triple expansion steam engine rated to 590 ihp, providing them with 17-3/4 knots. Armament was standardized, like the other designs contracted: Two bow TTS, two reloads, two Hotchkiss guns.

Thornycroft/White series (4 boats)

The first serie was ordered to J. Thornycroft Co. a standard 63 ft second class boat called Th2. The remainder three were White's 2nd class wooden boats. Very small, these were "child TBs", designed to be carried by a mothership (which was never developed). They were too small for effective service in rough seas.

Prototypes (1884-89)

-Thornycroft Th1: A 80 tonnes boat ordered, armed with two 350 mm TTs with spares, and two 37 mm Hothkiss guns. Fate unknown.
-Yarrow Y: A 82 tonnes, 36.35 m long boat, 600 ihp and 18 knots.
-Germaniawerft G: 85 tonnes, 36.70 m, 722 ihp, 18 knots
1889 test serie:
-Wilhelmshaven A: 104 tonnes, 37.92 m, 950 ihp and 19 knots.
-Kiel K: 100 tonnes, 37.58 m, 996 ihp and 18 knots.
-Dantzig A: 87 tonnes, 34.63 m, 590 ihp, 16 knots.
The Wilhelmshaven boat was probably the most interesting. The largest and fastest of the lot, she was armed with a single bow tube and two swiveling tubes plus spares and experimentally made of diagonal Mahogany planking on steel frames. This was not a happy marriage however and she was broken up in 1894. The fate of the others is unknown, they were probably retired after serving their purposes in the 1890s.

Kaiserliche Marine Schichau series (90 boats)

S7
S7, of the S7-23 Schichau serie appearance (1884), author's illustration
Kaiserliche Marine 1st serie S1-65 (65 boats)
S1-S6 group: Built 1884-85, these first class TBs displaced 97 tonnes and measured 37.72 m x 4.82 x 2.23m. Single shaft TE engine, 870 ihp and 19 knots. They were numbered at first XXVIII to XXXIII. They defined the standard armament of two 350 mm TTs in the bow, two spare, two Hotchkiss guns. Reliable, fast and seaworthy, they seduced the admiralty in sea trials, which ordered another serie the next year in 1885 and subsequently all the next series would come from this yard.
S7-23 group: 1885 serie of 17 boats. 96 tonnes, 37.74 x 4.92 x 2.2 m, 1 shaft TE 830 ihp and 20-1/4 knots.
S24-S31 group: 1886 serie of 9 boats. 101 tonnes, 39.12 m x 4.8 x 2.34 m, single shaft TE 840 ihp and 19 knots.
S32: Single prototypes, 117 tonnes, 39.12 m long, 900 ihp and 19-3/4 knots
S33-41 group: Nine 1887 111 tonnes boats, 39.88 m long, 1100 ihp for 22 knots
S42: Prototype 1889 boat, 151 tonnes, 44.2 x 5 x 2.6 m, 1420 ihp, 22 knots.
S43-57 group: A repeat of the prototype but more powerful at 1570 ihp for 21-1/2 knots and with a 2.7 m draught instead of 2.6 m. 15 boats built 1889-1890.
S58-65 Group: Slightly longer serie (44.31 m but a return to the prototype's draught) of 10 boats, built 1891-92. Less powerful at 1232 ihp for 20 knots.

All the boats in the S7-S65 group were armed with 3-350mm TT (1 spare torpedo) and 2 Hotchkiss guns. The complement was 16 (S7-S31) or 20 (S32-S65). All adhered to Schichau's standard torpedo boat form, with the maximum breadth of hull well aft, producing a plan that resembled a pear shape. From 1893 a single 50mm gun replaced the Hotchkiss guns. Some of the earliest boats were discarded 1900-1910, becoming target boats or tenders, or just being broken up, but the majority were rebuilt and reboilered.

In 1910 the survivors had their designations changed from S to T, to clear the S numbers for new destroyers. During the war they were used as minesweepers. Pre-war losses were S12, in a collision at the mouth of the Elbe on 13.3.1908; T21, in a collision with her sister T38 on 16.8.1911; S26, which foundered in a storm at the mouth of the Elbe; S32, which was lost on 17.8.1910 in a collision with S76 in the Baltic; S41, which sank in a storm on 28.8.1895; S42, sunk in a collision in 1902 but raised and put back into service; and S48, lost in a collision in the Jade on 11.4.1896.

The following boats were lost during the war from various causes: T25, T43, T46, T47, T50, T51, T52, T54, T56, T57, T58, T64 and T65. This loss rate indicates the use the German Navy was still getting out of these sturdy boats. The survivors were all disposed of in the years immediately following the war.
Kaiserliche Marine 2nd serie S66-89 (23 boats)
The S66-S87 series boats in general were all armed with 3-450mm TT (1 spare torpedo) and 1-50mm gun. Complements varied from 22 to 29. These vessels continued the same process of steady improvement of the basic design begun by their predecessors. Most were rebuilt and reboilered in the opening years of the new century.

S76 was lost in a collision in 1910, and S85 was stranded in 1898, but both were salved and returned to service. In September 1914 all were redesignated with the letter T beginning their numbers, and were used during the war as minesweepers and as tenders to instructional vessels. S66, S67, S68 and S78 were lost during the course of the war, the survivors being sold for breaking up between 1920 and 1921.

S66 1892 Prototype:
169 tonnes, 47.94 x 5.42 2.74 m (157ft 5in, 17ft 10in, 8ft 11in). 1 shaft TE 1610 ihp 22 knots.
S67-73 serie:
163 tonnes, same but 2.58 m draught, 1600 ihp and 21-3/4 knots. Seven built, launched 1892-94.
S74 prototype:
183 tonnes, 50 x 5.5 x 2.8m (16ft 10in, 18ft 7in, 9ft 2in). 1 shaft TE 2500 ihp 23-1/2 knots
S75-81 serie:
177 tonnes, 49 x 5.3 x 2.85m (160ft 11in, 17fr 5in, 9ft 4in), 1 shaft TE 1744 ihp 22-1/2 knots, seven built, launched 1897-96.
S82-87 serie:
Displacement: 167t, Dimensions: 158ft 3in x 16ft 9in x 8ft 5in (48.2 x 5.1 x 2.57m), 1-shaft TE, 2140ihp, 25 kts. Six built 1897-98.
G88-89 serie (Germaniawerft): Copies of the previous serie launched in parallel by the admiralty to bolster the numbers and constitute more squadrons. 174 tonnes, 48.7 x 5.04 x 2.81 m (159ft 11in, 16ft 7in, 7ft 2in), 1 shaft TE 2468 ihp 26 knots.

Kaiserliche Marine Prewar Divisionsboot (1886-94)

Divisionsboot D7
Divisionsboot D7

These 'division boats', or flotilla leaders, were basically larger versions of the torpedo boats they were intended to lead, with a similar armament and speed, but of a larger size in order to accommodate the extra staff needed. The most interesting design was the last, D9, which had the beginnings of the 'trawler bow', a raised forecastle which did not extend back as far as the bridge. DI-D6 were armed with 3-350mm TT (1 spare torpedo) and 6 Hotchkiss guns; D7-D8 had 3-450mm TT (1 spare torpedo) and 6 Hotchkiss guns; and D9 was fitted with 3-450mm TT and 3-50mm Hotchkiss. Complement was 46, except D9 52. All were rebuilt and reboilered in the first decade of the new century. By 1893, 3-50mm guns had replaced the Hotchkiss revolving cannon.

D1 and D2 were converted to yachts for the Baltic and North Sea stations respectively, being named Carmen (1905) and Alice Roosevelt (1902). They were converted back for more warlike duties in 1914, and with the others were used for coastal defence patrols or training tasks, being finally discarded in 1920-21.

D1-D2 (1886):
295 tonnes, 56.05 x 6.6 x 3.4 m, 1 shaft TE 2020 ihp 20-1/2 knots
D3-D4 (1887):
295 tonnes, 57.64 x 6.8 x 3.23 m, 1 shaft TE 2200 ihp 20-1/2 knots
D5-D6 (1888):
400 tonnes, 59.58 x 6.8 x 3.5 m, 1 shaft TE 3200 ihp 22-1/2 knots
D7-D8 (1890):
404 tonnes, 59.72 x 7.4 x 3.4 m, 1 shaft TE 3600 ihp 22-1/2 knots
D9 (1894):
462 tonnes, 63 x 7.7 x 3.73 m, 1 shaft TE 4200 ihp 23-1/2 knots

Kaiserliche Marine Großes Torpedoboote series (1897-1902)

S-90
Germaniawerft's G108
Author's rendition of the Germaniawerft's G108 class

D10 Thornycroft prototype (1896)
A copy of the '30-knotters', but with German armament of five 50 mm guns, three 450 mm TTs. The bow TT was later retired and unseaworthy. She srved in coastal defense and training and was broken up in 1922. Complement 47.
365 tonnes, 66.1 x 5.95 x 2.35 m, 2-shaft TE, 5780 ihp, 27-1/2 knots.

S90-S101 Schichau (1898-1901)
A coherent class of 12 boats (two squadrons) which set the stage for subsequent classes, generally divided in batches of six with gradual improvements until 1903.
388 tonnes, 63 x 7 x 2.23 m (206ft 10in x 22ft 11in x 9ft 4in), 2 shafts TE, 3900 ihp for 26-1/2 knots
S103-S107 Schichau (1900-1902)
Larger, faster and more powerful batch of six boats.
400 tonnes, 63 x 7 x 2.23 m (207ft 6in x 22ft 11in x 8ft 20in), 2 shaft TE, 5900 ihp 27-1/2 knots
G108-S113 Germaniawerft (1900-1902)
Second batch (6 boats) of the same basic design interpreted by Germaniawerft yard (hence the "G"), larger and faster.
433 tonnes, 65.8 x 6.7 x 2.87 m (216fft 1in x 21ft 11in x 9ft 5in), 2 shafts TE, 6000 ihp, 29 knots
S114-S199 Schichau (1902-1903)
Next year batch of six boats, slightly smaller and slower than Germaniawert boats.
408 tonnes, 63.2 x 7 x 2.69 m, 2 shafts TE 5900 ihp, 28 knots
S120-S124 Schichau (1903-1904)
Larger boats but batch of five boats (a 1904 prototype was supposed to added to the list).
461 tonnes, 64.7 x 7 x 2.63 m, 2 shafts TE, 6400 ihp for 27-1/2 knots
S125 Schichau prototype (1904)
Displacement: 447 tonnes, dimensions as the following serie, 6600 ihp and 27-1/2 knots, test boat for Parsons turbines.
S126-S131 Schichau (1904-1905)
Last batch of the early serie of Großes Torpedobootes. The largest and fastest of them all, but still with the same beam, seven meters (22ft 11in).
474 tonnes, 64.7 x 7 x 2.76 m, 2 shafts TE 6490 ihp, 28 knots.


S90 at the national museum Greenwhich

S90-S107, G108-G113 and S114-S131 were all armed with three 450mm TT and three 50mm guns. The complement varied from 57 to 61. Apart from the experimental turbine S125 (another was building at the end of the period), these units, classed as large torpedo boats but, despite their lighter guns, really the equivalent of contemporary foreign destroyers, show a large degree of homogeneity.

They all shared the 'trade mark' of the torpedo tube placed before the bridge in a well deck between the raised forecastle and the charthouse. All had two funnels. In fact this design was a combination of the best features of the D9 and the D10, of the German torpedo boat traditional design, and of the British destroyers. The result was a sturdy and seaworthy vessel, not as fast asforeign boats, but probably more useful than most. In 1914 they had been all re-classed as torpedo boats, and therefore are treated here rather than in the destroyer section.

Losses in action:
-S97 was converted before entering service to be the tender to the Imperial yacht Hohenzollern and was renamed Sleipnir. She was reconverted to a fighting ship when war broke out, and with all her sisters was reclassed as a T-boat in September 1914. Several of these boats were rearmed, wholly or partly, with 88mm guns.
-S90 was deliberately run ashore during the siege of Tsingtao in 1914.
-T116 was torpedoed and sunk by the British submarine E9 on 6.10.1914.
-T115, T117, TI18 and TI19 sank on 17.10.1914 British destroyers and the cruiser HMS Undaunted
-T100 lost in a collision in 1915
-T122 mined in 1918
-T123 mined in 1916
-T124 sank in 1914 in a collision
-T129 lost in 1915 (unknown causes).
-T126 lost in 1905, raised and repaired, served in WW2 but disposed of in the early 1920s.

The Imperial Navy had been acutely aware that its larger and more seaworthy vessels could at least dominate foreign navy torpedo boats but the introduction the torpedo boat destroyer in UK ruied this game and past 1895 force the transition towards a larger boat. Many technical and tactical considerations were taken in but enlarged versions of torpedo boats were preferred. The increase in the size was the main factor, which guaranteed better seaworthiness, sturdiness, better endurance, large accomodation of engines, and therefore more power and speed. This forced also a clear departure from the previous doctrine of single-shaft drive. Also, a single officer was no longer sufficient in command. Displacement more than doubled, top speed reached 27 to 28 knots in the best cases.

However compared to British standards, their armament was slightly weaker (in caliber), but with the benefit of one more torpedo tube. They were anyway superior to the French torpedo boat destroyers of the era however.

Kaiserliche Marine S90

This was the only German torpedo boat in ChinaTo strengthen German forces off the Chinese coast (boxer revolt), the Imperial Navy sent three of these modern large torpedo boats to East Asia. By July 26, 1900 they departed with a support ship, what was called the East Asian Expeditionary Force. It comprised the S90-S92. They reached Shanghai on October 6th and supported the East Asian cruiser squadron. They monitored and patrolled the Chinese coast and great rivers estuaries like the Yang Tse. After the situation in China settled down, S 91 and S 92 departed back home on 6 March 1902 with SMS Kaiserin Augusta.

However, S 90 was kept there alongside the former Chinese destroyer SMS Taku, a Schichau boat captured in 1900 and used as a security ship in Tsingtau naval base (now Qingdao). Both frequently patrolled the Yangtze River and coastal waters. In 1913, Taku ran aground in Kiautschou Bay while S 90 was largely worn off. Both should have been replaced when the war broke out in August 1914, but soon the base was besieged by the Japanese.


S90 and Taku in a drydock in Tingtau, China, 1914

S 90 assisted the gunboat SMS Iltis just before the siege, securing the departure ships leaving Tsingtau to join Graf Spee's cruiser squadron in the Pacific, to serve as supply ships and reinforcements, such as SMS Emden, auxiliary cruisers Prince Eitel Friedrich and Cormoran. They closely monitored British China Station ships which themsekves kept an eye on Tsingtau. On the evening of August 22, 1914, the destroyer HMS Kennet spotted S90 guarding the minelayer SMS Lauting and attacked. S 90 duelled with Kennet, luring her away from the minelayer and down to battery range. A 105 mm land battery fired and scored a hit almost immediately on the British destroyer. SMS Jaguar then arrived and opened fire on Kennet also. The latter had 3 dead and 7 wounded.

Later during the siege, S90 would try to break through the blockade and evade picket ships of the Allied armada. One such sortie occurred on October 17, 1914, duing the night. She managed to close on old cruiser IJN Takachiho and fire her torpedoes. The cruiser sank, claiming 271. It became the largest naval loss of Japan during the great war.Due to the lack of fuel however, S90 had nowhere to go and the commander, Lieutenant Colonel Paul Brunner, decided not to scuttle his boat but rather take refuge in a nearby Chinese harbour and he and his crew went into internment for the remainder of the war.

S90
S90 underway in Asia - Notice the colonial white hull

Wartime Küstentorpedoboote (A series, 1915-1918)

These coastal torpedo boat classes A-I to A-III, or simply "A-boat" were wartime vessel specially designed for use in Flanders, and also used as a fast minelayers and escort ships.Vulcan Hamburg built boats A 1 to A 25, A 56 to A 67 and A 80 to A 91 and subcontracted the Howaldtswerke in Kiel for boats A 83 to A 85. A26 to A55, A68 to A79 and A92 to A95 were built by the Schichau shipyard in Elbing.

The last serie was closing to a light destroyer. They were designed by the Reichsmarineamt to rush from the Flanders coast and attack any opportunity targets in the channel and north sea. The "A" was to clearly separate them from V, T and S designs. The naval books of the time denominated them Küstentorpedoboote ("coastal torpedo boats") to mark their difference with the high seas and older regular models.

Six groups in total were built although by practicality, and as noted in Conways, only four series were clearly different (informally A-I to A-IV), with each time a clear upgrade in size, tonnage, speed and armament, from 109 tons to 335 tons. They all but the A-I types shared a raised forecastle and a shallow draught. They also carried a single (first serie) or two standard older 45 cm (18 in) torpedo tubes, placed amidships, and light guns for close defence;

Kaiserliche Marine A-I types (1915)

A1
A-I serie appearance, author's illustration

The serie comprised the A1 to A25. The 1914 design was built by Vulcan AG of Hamburg. This was subcontracted to other yards. They were commissioned from January 1915 and sent in modules and parts by rail to be assembled at Hoboken. These were frail and small, with poor seaworthiness, but saw heavy actions from the start in the Chanel, suffering heavy losses.

Wartime losses: A2 & A6 were sunk by British destroyers (1 May 1915) at the Battle off Noordhinder Bank, A3 lost in 1915, A15 by French destroyers on 23 August 1915, A13 was bombed in dock in 1917, A10 was sunk by mines in 1918, A7 and A19 sunk by British and French destroyers on 21 March 1918.

After the war: A1, A18 and A21–A25 surrendered and were stricken between 1921-1922, A11 and A17 sunk during the Kapp Putsch. A4, A5, A8, A9, A12, A14, A16 and A20 were war reparations to Belgium, but the small navy could not manage to maintain them. They were sold and scrapped in 1927. A12 was the only survivor, scrapped in 1948.

A2
A2, of the A-I series
Specifications
Displacement: 109 t (107 long tons)
Dimensions: 41 m x 4.6 m x 1.52 m
Powerplant: Coal-fired, 1 shaft TE steam engine, 1,200 ihp (895 kW)
Speed: 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph), Range: 900 nm (1,700 km; 1,000 mi) @12.5 knots
Crew: 28
Armament: 1 × 50 mm SK L/40/52 mm SK L/55, 2 × 45 cm (18 in) TT, 4 mines

Kaiserliche Marine A-II types (1916)

A26
A26, of the A-II serie, author's illustration

The serie comprised the A25-A55. They were built in Schichau and doubled as minesweepers. Called also the 1915 design. Larger, with better seaworthiness, 23 of these Type II were delivered and commissioned from May 1916. They were also carried by dismounted sections by rail and assembled at Hoboken (Antwerp). They had their fair share of heavy action.
Losses:
A32, sunk during the "Operation Albion" in 1917 (she was raised, repaired, Sulev in the Estonian Navy), and A50 was mined in 1917. A51 was scuttled in 1918. A26–A29, A31, A33–A39, A41, A44–A46, A48, A49, and A52–A55 surrendered (stricken 1920-1921). A30, A40, A42 and A47 were scuttled in 1927, and A43 was in service in WW2, scrapped in 1943. Another model commissioned, called Model 1915 A-II, they were a variant of the first A50-55. Slightly larger at 229/252 tonnes in displacement, 5.6 m wide and 2.2 m in draught. One was transferred to Pola and served as a tender for the German Submarine fotilla in the Adriatic. A50 was mined and A51 scuttled in 1918. The others became war reparations to UK, quickly BU.
Specifications
Displacement: 227–229 t (223–225 long tons)
Dimensions: 49 m x 5.32–5.62 m x 2.34 m
Powerplant: Oil-fired, 1 shaft geared turbine steam engine, 3,250 hp (2,424 kW)
Speed: 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph), Range: 690 nm (1,280 km; 790 mi)
Complement: 29
Armament: 2 × 8.8 cm, 1 × 450 mm TT, mines

Kaiserliche Marine A-III types (1917)

SMS A68
SMS A68

The last wartime serie, called model 1916. They were commissioned from late 1917 to the end of the war. Much larger, they were built by Vulcan in Stettin, Schichau in Elbing, and Howaldtswerke in Kiel and they varied in details. The Schichau boats had turbines, Vulcan and Kiel boats AEG Vulcan direct drive TE. Normal speed was 26 knots but some reached 28 knots in service. 37 were commissioned but A96-A113 were never completed at the end of the war. They were also designed to be carried by dismounted sections by rail and one was sent to Pola. After the war four boats were ceded to Poland.

A59, A60 and A61 caused severe damage to HMS Terror on 19 October 1917. The only one never completed, A67, was scrapped in 1921.
The serie comprised the A56 to A79.
Losses: A60 hit mines and sank in 1917, A56, 57 and A58, A71, A73, A77 and A79 hit mines and 1918. A69, A70, A74–A76, and A78 were stricken in 1920. War reparations:
-A61, A62: to Britain (scrapped in 1923).
-A63, A66 to France (scrapped in 1923).
-A64, A68 to Poland, in service WW2, scuttled off Danzig, Sept. 1939.
-A65 to Brazil, scuttled in Britain.
A56
A61, of the A-III serie, author's illustration

A47
A47 of the A-III serie
Specifications
Diwplacement: 330–335 t (325–330 long tons)
Dimensions: 59.3–60.12 m x 6.42 m x 2.21–2.34 m
Powerplant: 2 shafts, Geared turbine SE (oil), 6,000 shp (4,474 kW)
Speed: 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph), Range 800 nm (1,500 km; 920 mi)
Crew: 50
Armament: 2 × 8.8 cm, 1 × 450 mm (18 in) TTs

Kaiserliche Marine A-IV types (1918)

Serie A80-A91. Only a small part of the vessels entered service. None was lost, A82 was scuttled at Fiume in 1918, A81, A86–A91 were stricken in 1920 and A83–A85 were scrapped incomplete, 1919. A80 served in the interwar ans was scrapped in 1938.
Specifications
Displacement: 330 t (325 long tons)
Displacement: 60.2 m x 6.41 m x 2.11 m
Powerplant: 2 shafts geared turbine SE, oil-fired 5,700 shp
Top Speed: 26 knots (48 km/h; 30 mph), Range 800 nm (1,500 km; 920 mi)
Complement: 50
Armament: 2 × 8.8 cm, 1 × 450 mm TT The last serie, A92–A113.None of this late serie was in active service. A92–A95 were stricken in 1920, and the incomplete A96–A113 were scrapped on the stocks in 1919.
They were slightly heavier, at 330–335 t (325–330 long tons). Same lenght but slightly wider, higher draft (6.42 m and 2.12 m). Perhaps due to better hull shape it seems top speed was half a knot faster for the same powerplant, the two shafts driving 1.6 m (5 ft 3 in) propellers. Armament and crews were the same.

Kaiserliche Marine V105 class (1915)

Four requisitioned boats: They were the Z1-Z4 ordered by the Netherlands at Vulcan, Stettin and taken over on 10 August 1914 by the German government while fitting out. They were launched from 26/8/1914 to 12/12/1914 and completed in January and March 1915 and completed later that year. They were classed as torpedo boats or hochseetorpedoboats depending on the sources. They looked like reduced, compact versions of standard destroyers, with two funnels and a forecastle.

Gunnery-wise, they differed considerably: V105 and 107 had two 88/42 TK L/45 C/14 guns, but V106 had 52/51 SK L/55 C/03 models and V108 two 88/27 TK L/30 C/08 models.During the war, V107 hit a Russian mine on 8/5/1915 off Libava and was declared constructive loss and stricken. V106 was sold to Brazil in 1920 while V105 and 107 went to the Polish Navy as Mazur and Kaszub. They were in service in WW2 (see the Polish page)
Specifications
Displacement: 340t st, 421 FL
Dimensions: 62.6 oa (62.0 wl) x 6.22 x 2.54 m
Propulsion: 2 shafts AEG-Vulcan steam turbines, 4 Yarrow boilers 5,500 shp
Performances: Top speed 28 knots, range 1400 nm (17knots), coal 60 + oil 16 tonnes
Armament: 2 x 88 mm, 2 single 450 mm TT
Complement: 60

Read More

Conway's all the worlds fighting ships 1860-1905 & 1906-1921

Google Book: German naval strategy until 1888
"V 43 in Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships". US Navy. Ships History Branch.
"German WWI warships rediscovered in Portsmouth Harbour after lying forgotten for decades". The Independent.
"S 132 in Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships". US Navy. Ships History Branch.
Kontreadmiral a.D. Stoelzel, Ehrenrangliste der Kaiserlich Deutschen Marine 1914-18 (Thormannn and Goetsch, Berlin, 1930)
Walter Gladisch, Der Krieg zur See, 1914-18: Der krieg in der Nordsee v. 7, (Frankfurt, E.S. Mittler & Sohn, 1965)
Paul Köppen, Der Krieg zur See, 1914-18: Entworfen and Die Überwasserstreitkräfte und ihre Technik, (Berlin, E.S. Mittler & Sohn, 1930.)
Dodson, Aidan (2019). "Beyond the Kaiser: The IGN's Destroyers and Torpedo Boats After 1918". Osprey Publishing.
Erich Gröner, German Warships 1815–1945, Volume 1: Major Surface Vessels (London: Conway Maritime Press, 1990).
John C. Taylor, German Warships of World War I (London: Ian Allan Ltd., 1969). ISBN 0-71100-099-9
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_ocean-going_torpedo_boats_and_destroyers_of_World_War_I
German TBs on german-navy.de - Michael Emmerich
http://www.warshipsww2.eu archives - German TBs on wayback machine
On navypedia by Ivan Goglin
//de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_deutscher_Torpedoboote_(1871%E2%80%931919)
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schichau-Werke
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8.8_cm_SK_L/30_naval_gun
Schichau boats CC Photos on wikimedia commons

Model Kits:


-The Mirage Hobby 1/350 A86 (A-III class TB). ORP Podhalanin Polish torpedo boat was made after the kit and won many prizes.
-An old NNT kit 1/700 of SMS A-80
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-class_torpedo_boat
https://naval-encyclopedia.com/ww1/images/ships/germany/
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_deutscher_Gro%C3%9Fer_Torpedoboote_(1898%E2%80%931919)

They are many S-Boat kits out there, but no WW1 German torpedo boat around, even the wartime A series but one, which is a shame.
Now if you are a 3D modeller and are interesting by doing one, i'll be gladly selling it here.
WW1 Hochseetorpedoboote:
Mirage Hobby 1:400 German Torpedo Boat V 106
Flyhawk - 1/700 German Large Torpedo Boat G-39 1916
Kombrig S90, 1899 1/700
A paper model 1/200 of S108 by Digtal scale - Steenavy review

Social Feeds

Latest Facebook Entry - See us on Facebook
Tweet, X or whatever Naval Encyclopedia's deck archive
See on Instagram

By Naval (@navalencyc)

Pinterest Board

Youtube naval encyclopedia Channel

Go to the Playlist
Tank Encyclopedia, the first online tank museum
Plane Encyclopedia - the first online warbirds museum
posters Shop
Poster of the century
Historical Poster - Centennial of the Royal Navy "The Real Thing" - Support Naval Encyclopedia, get your poster or wallpaper now !

☸ To read for a better understanding of this website

❢ Abbreviations & acronyms
    AAAnti-Aircraft
    AAW// warfare
    AASAmphibious Assault Ship
    AdmAdmiral
    AEWAirbone early warning
    AGAir Group
    AFVArmored Fighting Vehicle
    AMGBarmoured motor gunboat
    APArmor Piercing
    APCArmored Personal Carrier
    ASAntisubmarine
    ASMAir-to-surface Missile
    ASMDAnti Ship Missile Defence
    ASROCASW Rockets
    ASWAnti Submarine Warfare
    ASWRLASW Rocket Launcher
    ATWahead thrown weapon
    avgasAviation Gasoline
    awAbove Waterline
    AWACSAirborne warning & control system
    BBBattleship
    bhpbrake horsepower
    BLBreach-loader (gun)
    BLRBreach-loading, Rifled (gun)
    BUBroken Up
    ccirca
    CAArmoured/Heavy cruiser
    Capt.Captain
    CalCaliber or ".php"
    CGMissile Cruiser
    CICCombat Information Center
    C-in-CCommander in Chief
    CIWSClose-in weapon system
    CECompound Expansion (engine)
    ChChantiers ("Yard", FR)
    CLCruiser, Light
    cmcentimeter(s)
    CMBCoastal Motor Boat
    CMSCoastal Minesweeper
    CNOChief of Naval Operations
    CpCompound (armor)
    CoCompany
    COBCompound Overhad Beam
    CODAGCombined Diesel & Gas
    CODOGCombined Diesel/Gas
    COGAGCombined Gas and Gas
    COGOGCombined Gas/Gas
    commcommissioned
    compcompleted
    convconverted
    convlconventional
    COSAGCombined Steam & Gas
    CRCompound Reciprocating
    CRCRSame, connecting rod
    CruDivCruiser Division
    CPControlled Pitch
    CTConning Tower
    CTLconstructive total loss
    CTOLConv. Take off & landing
    CTpCompound Trunk
    cucubic
    CylCylinder(s)
    CVAircraft Carrier
    CVA// Attack
    CVE// Escort
    CVL// Light
    CVS// ASW support
    cwtHundredweight
    DADirect Action
    DASHDrone ASW Helicopter
    DCDepht Charge
    DCT// Track
    DCR// Rack
    DCT// Thrower
    DDDestroyer/drydock
    DEDouble Expansion
    DEDestroyer Escort
    DDE// Converted
    DesRonDestroyer Squadron
    DFDouble Flux
    D/FDirection(finding)
    DPDual Purpose
    DUKWAmphibious truck
    DyDDockyard
    EOCElswick Ordnance Co.
    ECMElectronic Warfare
    ESMElectronic support measure
    FFarenheit
    FCSFire Control System
    FFFrigate
    fpsFeet Per Second
    ftFeets
    FYFiscal Year
    galgallons
    GMMetacentric Height
    GPMGGeneral Purpose Machine-gun
    GRPFiberglass
    GRTGross Tonnage
    GUPPYGreater Underwater Prop.Pow.
    HAHigh Angle
    HCHorizontal Compound
    HCR// Reciprocating
    HCDA// Direct Acting
    HCDCR// connecting rod
    HDA// direct acting
    HDAC// acting compound
    HDAG// acting geared
    HDAR// acting reciprocating
    HDMLHarbor def. Motor Launch
    H/FHigh Frequency
    HF/DF// Directional Finding
    HMSHer Majesty Ship
    HNHarvey Nickel
    HNCHorizontal non-condensing hp
    HPHigh Pressure
    hphorizontal
    HQHeadquarter
    HRHorizontal reciprocating
    HRCR// connecting rod
    HSHarbor Service
    HS(E)Horizontal single (expansion)
    HSET// trunk
    HTHorizontal trunk
    HTE// expansion
    ICInverted Compound
    IDAInverted direct acting
    IFFIdentification Friend or Foe
    ihpindicated horsepower
    IMFInshore Minesweeper
    inInche(s)
    ircironclad
    KCKrupp, cemented
    kgKilogram
    KNC// non cemented
    kmKilometer
    kt(s)Knot(s)
    kwkilowatt
    ibpound(s)
    LALow Angle
    LCLanding Craft
    LCA// Assault
    LCAC// Air Cushion
    LFC// Flak (AA)
    LCG// Gunboat
    LCG(L)/// Large
    LCG(M)/// Medium
    LCG(S)/// Small
    LCI// Infantry
    LCM// Mechanized
    LCP// Personel
    LCP(R)/// Rocket
    LCS// Support
    LCT// Tanks
    LCV// Vehicles
    LCVP/// Personal
    LCU// Utility
    locolocomotive (boiler)
    LSCLanding ship, support
    LSD// Dock
    LSF// Fighter (direction)
    LSM// Medium
    LSS// Stern chute
    LST// Tank
    LSV// Vehicle
    LPlow pressure
    lwllenght waterline
    mmetre(s)
    MModel
    MA/SBmotor AS boat
    maxmaximum
    MGMachine Gun
    MGBMotor Gunboat
    MLSMinelayer/Sweeper
    MLMotor Launch
    MMSMotor Minesweper
    MTMilitary Transport
    MTBMotor Torpedo Boat
    HMGHeavy Machine Gun
    MCM(V)Mine countermeasure Vessel
    minminute(s)
    MkMark
    MLMuzzle loading
    MLR// rifled
    MSOOcean Minesweeper
    mmmillimetre
    NCnon condensing
    nhpnominal horsepower
    nmNautical miles
    Number
    NBC/ABCNuc. Bact. Nuclear
    NSNickel steel
    NTDSNav.Tactical Def.System
    NyDNaval Yard
    oaOverall
    OPVOffshore Patrol Vessel
    PCPatrol Craft
    PDMSPoint Defence Missile System
    pdrpounder
    ppperpendicular
    psipounds per square inch
    PVDSPropelled variable-depth sonar
    QFQuick Fire
    QFC// converted
    RAdmRear Admiral
    RCRadio-control/led
    RCRreturn connecting rod
    recRectangular
    revRevolver
    RFRapid Fire
    RPCRemote Control
    rpgRound per gun
    SAMSurface to air Missile
    SARSearch Air Rescue
    sbSmoothbore
    SBShip Builder
    SCSub-chaser (hunter)
    SSBNBallistic Missile sub.Nuclear
    SESimple Expansion
    SET// trunk
    SGSteeple-geared
    shpShaft horsepower
    SHsimple horizontal
    SOSUSSound Surv. System
    SPRsimple pressure horiz.
    sqsquare
    SSSubmarine (Conv.)
    SSMSurface-surface Missile
    subsubmerged
    sfsteam frigate
    SLBMSub.Launched Ballistic Missile
    spfsteam paddle frigate
    STOVLShort Take off/landing
    SUBROCSub.Fired ASW Rocket
    tton, long (short in bracket)
    TACANTactical Air Nav.
    TBTorpedo Boat
    TBD// destroyer
    TCTorpedo carriage
    TETriple expansion
    TER// reciprocating
    TFTask Force
    TGBTorpedo gunboat
    TGTask Group
    TLTorpedo launcher
    TLC// carriage
    TNTTrinitroluene
    TSTraining Ship
    TTTorpedo Tube
    UDTUnderwater Demolition Team
    UHFUltra High Frequency
    VadmVice Admiral
    VCVertical compound
    VCE// expansion
    VDE/ double expansion
    VDSVariable Depth Sonar
    VIC/ inverted compound
    VLFVery Low Frequency
    VQL/ quadruple expansion
    VSTOLVertical/short take off/landing
    VTE/ triple expansion
    VTOLVertical take off/landing
    VSE/ Simple Expansion
    wksWorks
    wlwaterline
    WTWireless Telegraphy
    xnumber of
    YdYard
    Organizations
    GIUKGreenland-Iceland-UK
    BuShipsBureau of Ships
    DBMGerman Navy League
    GBGreat Britain
    DNCDirectorate of Naval Construction
    EEZExclusive Economic Zone
    FAAFleet Air Arm
    FNFLFree French Navy
    JMSDFJap.Mar.Self-Def.Force
    MDAPMutual Def.Assistance Prog.
    MSAMaritime Safety Agency
    NATO
    RAFRoyal Air Force
    RANRoyal Australian Navy
    RCNRoyal Canadian Navy
    R&DResearch & Development
    RNRoyal Navy
    RNZNRoyal New Zealand Navy
    ussrUnion of Socialist Republics
    UE/EECEuropean Union/Comunity
    UNUnited Nations Org.
    USNUnited States Navy
    WaPacWarsaw Pact

⛶ Pre-Industrial Eras

☀ Introduction
☀ Neolithic to bronze age
⚚ Antique
⚜ Medieval
⚜ Renaissance
⚜ Enlightenment

⚔ Naval Battles

⚔ Pre-Industrial Battles ☍ See the page
  • Salamis
  • Cape Ecnomus
  • Actium
  • Red Cliffs
  • Battle of the Masts
  • Yamen
  • Lake Poyang
  • Lepanto
  • Vyborg Bay
  • Svensksund
  • Trafalgar
  • Sinope
⚔ Industrial Era Battles ☍ See the page
⚔ WW1 Naval Battles ☍ See the Page
⚔ WW2 Naval Battles ☍ See the Page

⚔ Crimean War

Austrian Navy ☍ See the page
French Navy ☍ See the page
    Screw Ships of the Line
  • Navarin class (1854)
  • Duquesne class (1853)
  • Fleurus class (1853)
  • Montebello (1852)
  • Austerlitz (1852)
  • Jean Bart (1852)
  • Charlemagne (1851)
  • Napoleon (1850)
  • Sailing Ships of the Line
  • Valmy (1847)
  • Ocean class (1805)
  • Hercules class (1836)
  • Iéna class (1814)
  • Jupiter (1831)
  • Duperré (1840)
  • Screw Frigates
  • Pomone (1845)
  • Isly (1849)
  • Bellone (1853)
  • D’Assas class (1854)
  • Screw Corvettes
  • Primauguet class (1852)
  • Roland (1850)
Royal Navy ☍ See the page
  • Duke of Wellington
  • Conqueror (1855)
  • Marlborough (1855)
  • Royal Albert (1854)
  • St Jean D’Acre (1853)
  • Waterloo (1833
  • Sailing ships of the Line
  • Sailing Frigates
  • Sailing Corvettes
  • Screw two deckers
  • Screw frigates
  • Screw Corvettes
  • Screw guard ships
  • Paddle frigates
  • Paddle corvettes
  • Screw sloops
  • Paddle sloops
  • Screw gunboats
  • Brigs

⚑ 1870 Fleets

Spanish Navy 1870 Armada Espanola ☍ See the Page
  • Numancia (1863)
  • Tetuan (1863)
  • Vitoria (1865)
  • Arapiles (1864)
  • Zaragosa (1867)
  • Sagunto (1869)
  • Mendez Nunez (1869)
  • Spanish wooden s. frigates (1861-65)
  • Frigate Tornado (1865)
  • Frigate Maria de Molina (1868)
  • Spanish sail gunboats (1861-65)
Austro-Hungarian Navy 1870 K.u.K. Kriegsmarine
Danish Navy 1870 Dansk Marine
  • Dannebrog (1863)
  • Peder Skram (1864)
  • Danmark (1864)
  • Rolf Krake (1864)
  • Lindormen (1868)

  • Jylland CR (1860)
  • Tordenskjold CR (1862)
  • Dagmar SP (1861)
  • Absalon class GB (1862)
  • Fylla class GB (1863)
Hellenic Navy 1870 Nautiko Hellenon
  • Basileos Giorgios (1867)
  • Basilisa Olga (1869)
  • Sloop Hellas (1861)
Koninklije Marine 1870 Koninklije Marine 1870
  • Dutch Screw Frigates & corvettes
  • De Ruyter Bd Ironclad (1863)
  • Prins H. der Neth. Turret ship (1866)
  • Buffel class turret rams (1868)
  • Skorpioen class turret rams (1868)
  • Heiligerlee class Monitors (1868)
  • Bloedhond class Monitors (1869)
  • Adder class Monitors (1870)
  • A.H.Van Nassau Frigate (1861)
  • A.Paulowna Frigate (1867)
  • Djambi class corvettes (1860)
  • Amstel class Gunboats (1860)
Marine Française 1870 Marine Nationale ☍ See the Page
  • Screw 3-deckers (1850-58)
  • Screw 2-deckers (1852-59)
  • Screw Frigates (1849-59)
  • Conv. sailing frigates
  • Screw Corvettes (1846-59)
  • Screw Fl. Batteries (1855)
  • Paddle Frigates
  • Paddle Corvettes
  • screw sloops
  • screw gunboats
  • Sailing ships of the line
  • Sailing frigates
  • Sailing corvettes
  • Sailing bricks


  • Gloire class Bd. Ironclads (1859)
  • Couronne Bd. Ironclad (1861)
  • Magenta class Bd. Ironclads (1861)
  • Palestro class Flt. Batteries (1862)
  • Arrogante class Flt. Batteries (1864)
  • Provence class Bd. Ironclads (1864)
  • Embuscade class Flt. Batteries (1865)
  • Taureau arm. ram (1865)
  • Belliqueuse Bd. Ironclad (1865)
  • Alma Cent. Bat. Ironclads (1867)
  • Ocean class CT Battery ship (1868)


  • Cosmao class cruisers (1861)
  • Talisman cruisers (1862)
  • Resolue cruisers (1863)
  • Venus class cruisers (1864)
  • Decres cruiser (1866)
  • Desaix cruiser (1866)
  • Limier class cruisers (1867)
  • Linois cruiser (1867)
  • Chateaurenault cruiser (1868)
  • Infernet class Cruisers (1869)
  • Bourayne class Cruisers (1869)
  • Cruiser Hirondelle (1869)

  • Curieux class sloops (1860)
  • Adonis class sloops (1863)
  • Guichen class sloops (1865)
  • Sloop Renard (1866)
  • Bruix class sloops (1867)
  • Pique class gunboats (1862)
  • Hache class gunboats (1862)
  • Arbalete class gunboats (1866)
  • Etendard class gunboats (1868)
  • Revolver class gunboats (1869)
Marinha do Brasil 1870 Marinha do Brasil
  • Barrozo class (1864)
  • Brasil (1864)
  • Tamandare (1865)
  • Lima Barros (1865)
  • Rio de Janeiro (1865)
  • Silvado (1866)
  • Mariz E Barros class (1866)
  • Carbal class (1866)
Turkish Ottoman navy 1870 Osmanlı Donanması
  • Osmanieh class Bd.Ironclads (1864)
  • Assari Tewfik (1868)
  • Assari Shevket class Ct. Ironclads (1868)
  • Lufti Djelil class CDS (1868)
  • Avni Illah class cas.ironclads (1869)
  • Fethi Bulend class cas.ironclads (1870)
  • Barbette ironclad Idjalleh (1870)
  • Messudieh class Ct.Bat.ships (1874)
  • Hamidieh Ct.Bat.Ironclads (1885)
  • Abdul Kadir Battleships (project)

  • Frigate Ertrogul (1863)
  • Selimieh (1865)
  • Rehberi Tewkik (1875)
  • Mehmet Selim (1876)
  • Sloops & despatch vessels
Turkish Ottoman navy 1870 Marina Do Peru
  • Monitor Atahualpa (1865)
  • CT. Bat Independencia (1865)
  • Turret ship Huascar (1865)
  • Frigate Apurimac (1855)
  • Corvette America (1865)
  • Corvette Union (1865)
Portuguese Navy 1870 Marinha do Portugal
  • Bartolomeu Dias class (28-guns) steam frigates
  • Sagris (14 guns) steam corvette
  • Vasco Da Gama (74 guns) Ship of the Line
  • Dom Fernando I e Gloria (50) Sailing Frigate
  • Dom Joao I class (14 guns) Sailing corvettes
  • Portuguese Side-wheel steamers
Regia Marina 1870 Regia Marina 1870
Imperial Japanese navy 1870 Nihhon Kaigun 1870
  • Ironclad Ruyjo (1868)
  • Ironclad Kotetsu (1868)
  • Frigate Fujiyama (1864)
  • Frigate Kasuga (1863)
  • Corvette Asama (1869)
  • Gunboat Raiden (1856)
  • Gunboat Chiyodogata (1863)
  • Teibo class GB (1866)
  • Gunboat Mushun (1865)
  • Gunboat Hosho (1868)
Prussian Navy 1870 Preußische Marine 1870
  • Prinz Adalbert (1864)
  • Arminius (1864)
  • Friedrich Carl (1867)
  • Kronprinz (1867)
  • K.Whilhelm (1868)
  • Arcona class Frigates (1858)
  • Nymphe class Frigates (1863)
  • Augusta class Frigates (1864)
  • Jäger class gunboats (1860)
  • Chamaleon class gunboats (1860)
Russian mperial Navy 1870 Russkiy Flot 1870
  • Ironclad Sevastopol (1864)
  • Ironclad Petropavlovsk (1864)
  • Ironclad Smerch (1864)
  • Pervenetz class (1863)
  • Charodeika class (1867)
  • Admiral Lazarev class (1867)
  • Ironclad Kniaz Pojarski (1867)
  • Bronenosetz class monitors (1867)
  • Admiral Chichagov class (1868)
  • S3D Imperator Nicolai I (1860)
  • S3D Sinop (1860)
  • S3D Tsessarevich (1860)
  • Russian screw two-deckers (1856-59)
  • Russian screw frigates (1854-61)
  • Russian screw corvettes (1856-60)
  • Russian screw sloops (1856-60)
  • Varyag class Corvettes (1862)
  • Almaz class Sloops (1861)
  • Opyt TGBT (1861)
  • Sobol class TGBT (1863)
  • Pishtchal class TGBT (1866)
Swedish Navy 1870 Svenska marinen
  • Ericsson class monitors (1865)
  • Frigate Karl XIV (1854)
  • Frigate Stockholm (1856)
  • Corvette Gefle (1848)
  • Corvette Orädd (1853)
Norwegian Navy 1870 Søværnet
  • Skorpionen class (1866)
  • Frigate Stolaf (1856)
  • Frigate Kong Sverre (1860)
  • Frigate Nordstjerna (1862)
  • Frigate Vanadis (1862)
  • Glommen class gunboats (1863)
Union Union Navy ☍ See the Page
Confederate Confederate Navy ☍ See the Page
Union 'Old Navy'(1865-1885) ☍ See the Page
  • Dunderberg Bd Ironclad (1865)
  • Wampanoag class frigates (1864)
  • Frigate Chattanooga & Idaho (1864)
  • Frigate Idaho (1864)
  • Java class frigates (1865)
  • Contookook class frigates (1865)
  • Frigate Trenton (1876)
  • Swatara class sloops (1865)
  • Alaska class sloops (1868)
  • Galena class sloops (1873)
  • Enterprise class sloops (1874)
  • Alert class sloops (1873)
  • Alarm torpedo ram (1873)
  • Intrepid torpedo ram (1874)

⚑ 1890 Fleets

Argentinian Navy 1898 Armada de Argentina
  • Parana class (1873)
  • La Plata class (1875)
  • Pilcomayo class (1875)
  • Ferre class (1880)
Austro-Hungarian Navy 1898 K.u.K. Kriegsmarine
  • Custoza (1872)
  • Erzherzog Albrecht (1872)
  • Kaiser (1871)
  • Kaiser Max class (1875)
  • Tegetthoff (1878)

  • Radetzky(ii) class (1872)
  • SMS Donau(ii) (1874)
  • SMS Donau(iii) (1893)

  • Erzherzog Friedrich class (1878)
  • Saida (1878)
  • Fasana (1870)
  • Aurora class (1873)
Chinese Imperial Navy 1898 Imperial Chinese Navy
  • Hai An class frigates (1872)
Danish Navy 1898 Dansk Marine
  • Tordenskjold (1880)
  • Iver Hvitfeldt (1886)
  • Skjold (1896)
  • Cruiser Fyen (1882)
  • Cruiser Valkyrien (1888)
Hellenic Navy 1898 Nautiko Hellenon
  • Spetsai class (1889)
  • Nauarchos Miaoulis (1889)
  • Greek Torpedo Boats (1881-85)
  • Greek Gunboats (1861-84)
Haitian Navy 1914Marine Haitienne
  • Gunboat St Michael (1970)
  • Gunboat "1804" (1875)
  • Gunboat Dessalines (1883)
  • Gunboat Toussaint Louverture (1886)
Koninklije Marine 1898 Koninklije Marine
  • Konigin der Netherland (1874)
  • Draak, monitor (1877)
  • Matador, monitor (1878)
  • R. Claeszen, monitor (1891)
  • Evertsen class CDS (1894)
  • Atjeh class cruisers (1876)
  • Cruiser Sumatra (1890)
  • Cruiser K.W. Der. Neth (1892)
  • Banda class Gunboats (1872)
  • Pontania class Gunboats (1873)
  • Gunboat Aruba (1873)
  • Hydra Gunboat class (1873)
  • Batavia class Gunboats (1877)
  • Wodan Gunboat class (1877)
  • Ceram class Gunboats (1887)
  • Combok class Gunboats (1891)
  • Borneo Gunboat (1892)
  • Nias class Gunboats (1895)
  • Koetei class Gunboats (1898)
  • Dutch sloops (1864-85)
Marine Française 1898 Marine Nationale ☍ See the Page
  • Friedland CT Battery ship (1873)
  • Richelieu CT Battery ship (1873)
  • Colbert class CT Battery ships (1875)
  • Redoutable CT Battery ship (1876)
  • Courbet class CT Battery ships (1879)
  • Amiral Duperre barbette ship (1879)
  • Terrible class barbette ships (1883)
  • Amiral Baudin class barbette ships (1883)
  • Barbette ship Hoche (1886)
  • Marceau class barbette ships (1888)

  • Cerbere class Arm.Ram (1870)
  • Tonnerre class Br.Monitors (1875)
  • Tempete class Br.Monitors (1876)
  • Tonnant ironclad (1880)
  • Furieux ironclad (1883)
  • Fusee class Arm.Gunboats (1885)
  • Acheron class Arm.Gunboats (1885)
  • Jemmapes class (1892)
  • Bouvines class (1892)

  • La Galissonière Cent. Bat. Ironclads (1872)
  • Bayard class barbette ships (1879)
  • Vauban class barbette ships (1882)
  • Prot. Cruiser Sfax (1884)
  • Prot. Cruiser Tage (1886)
  • Prot. Cruiser Amiral Cécille (1888)
  • Prot. Cruiser Davout (1889)
  • Forbin class Cruisers (1888)
  • Troude class Cruisers (1888)
  • Alger class Cruisers (1891)
  • Friant class Cruisers (1893)
  • Prot. Cruiser Suchet (1893)
  • Descartes class Cruisers (1893)
  • Linois class Cruisers (1896)
  • D'Assas class Cruisers (1896)
  • Catinat class Cruisers (1896)

  • R. de Genouilly class Cruisers (1876)
  • Cruiser Duquesne (1876)
  • Cruiser Tourville (1876)
  • Cruiser Duguay-Trouin (1877)
  • Laperouse class Cruisers (1877)
  • Villars class Cruisers (1879)
  • Cruiser Iphigenie (1881)
  • Cruiser Naiade (1881)
  • Cruiser Arethuse (1882)
  • Cruiser Dubourdieu (1884)
  • Cruiser Milan (1884)

  • Parseval class sloops (1876)
  • Bisson class sloops (1874)
  • Epee class gunboats (1873)
  • Crocodile class gunboats (1874)
  • Tromblon class gunboats (1875)
  • Condor class Torpedo Cruisers (1885)
  • G. Charmes class gunboats (1886)
  • Inconstant class sloops (1887)
  • Bombe class Torpedo Cruisers (1887)
  • Wattignies class Torpedo Cruisers (1891)
  • Levrier class Torpedo Cruisers (1891)
Marinha do Brasil 1898 Marinha do Brasil
Marinha do Portugal 1898 Marinha do Portugal
Marina de Mexico 1898 Mexico
  • GB Indipendencia (1874)
  • GB Democrata (1875)
Turkish Ottoman navy 1898 Osmanlı Donanması
  • Cruiser Heibtnuma (1890)
  • Cruiser Lufti Humayun (1892)
  • Cruiser Hadevendighar (1892)
  • Shadieh class cruisers (1893)
  • Turkish TBs (1885-94)
Regia Marina 1898 Regia Marina
  • Pr. Amadeo class (1871)
  • Caio Duilio class (1879)
  • Italia class (1885)
  • Ruggero di Lauria class (1884)
  • Carracciolo (1869)
  • Vettor Pisani (1869)
  • Cristoforo Colombo (1875)
  • Flavio Goia (1881)
  • Amerigo Vespucci (1882)
  • C. Colombo (ii) (1892)
  • Pietro Micca (1876)
  • Tripoli (1886)
  • Goito class (1887)
  • Folgore class (1887)
  • Partenope class (1889)
  • Giovanni Bausan (1883)
  • Etna class (1885)
  • Dogali (1885)
  • Piemonte (1888)
  • Staffeta (1876)
  • Rapido (1876)
  • Barbarigo class (1879)
  • Messagero (1885)
  • Archimede class (1887)
  • Guardiano class GB (1874)
  • Scilla class GB (1874)
  • Provana class GB (1884)
  • Curtatone class GB (1887)
  • Castore class GB (1888)
Imperial Japanese navy 1898 Nihhon Kaigun
  • Ironclad Fuso (1877)
  • Kongo class Ironclads (1877)

  • Cruiser Tsukushi (1880)
  • Cruiser Takao (1888)
  • Cruiser Yaeyama (1889)
  • Cruiser Chishima (1890)
  • Cruiser Tatsuta (1894)
  • Cruiser Miyako (1898)

  • Frigate Nisshin (1869)
  • Frigate Tsukuba (acq.1870)
  • Kaimon class CVT (1882)
  • Katsuragi class SCVT (1885)
  • Sloop Seiki (1875)
  • Sloop Amagi (1877)
  • Corvette Jingei (1876)
  • Gunboat Banjo (1878)
  • Maya class GB (1886)
  • Gunboat Oshima (1891)
German Navy 1898 Kaiserliche Marine
  • Ironclad Hansa (1872)
  • G.Kurfürst class (1873)
  • Kaiser class (1874)
  • Sachsen class (1877)
  • Ironclad Oldenburg (1884)

  • Ariadne class CVT (1871)
  • Leipzig class CVT (1875)
  • Bismarck class CVT (1877)
  • Carola class CVT (1880)
  • Corvette Nixe (1885)
  • Corvette Charlotte (1885)
  • Schwalbe class Cruisers (1887)
  • Bussard class (1890)

  • Aviso Zieten (1876)
  • Blitz class Avisos (1882)
  • Aviso Greif (1886)
  • Wacht class Avisos (1887)
  • Meteor class Avisos (1890)
  • Albatross class GBT (1871)
  • Cyclop GBT (1874)
  • Otter GBT (1877)
  • Wolf class GBT (1878)
  • Habitch class GBT (1879)
  • Hay GBT (1881)
  • Eber GBT (1881)
  • Rhein class Monitors (1872)
  • Wespe class Monitors (1876)
  • Brummer class Arm.Steamers (1884)
Russian Imperial Navy 1898 Russkiy Flot
Marina do Peru Marina Do Peru
  • Lima class Cruisers (1880)
  • Chilean TBs (1879)
Swedish Navy 1898 Svenska Marinen
Norwegian Navy 1898 Søværnet
  • Lindormen (1868)
  • Gorm (1870)
  • Odin (1872)
  • Helgoland (1878)
  • Tordenskjold (1880)
  • Iver Hvitfeldt (1886)
Royal Navy 1898 Royal Navy 1898
  • Hotspur (1870)
  • Glatton (1871)
  • Devastation class (1871)
  • Cyclops class (1871)
  • Rupert (1874)
  • Neptune class (1874)
  • Dreadnought (1875)
  • Inflexible (1876)
  • Agamemnon class (1879)
  • Conqueror class (1881)
  • Colossus class (1882)
  • Admiral class (1882)
  • Trafalgar class (1887)
  • Victoria class (1890)
  • Royal Sovereign class (1891)
  • Centurion class (1892)
  • Renown (1895)

  • HMS Shannon (1875)
  • Nelson class (1876)
  • Iris class (1877)
  • Leander class (1882)
  • Imperieuse class (1883)
  • Mersey class (1885)
  • Surprise class (1885)
  • Scout class (1885)
  • Archer class (1885)
  • Orlando class (1886)
  • Medea class (1888)
  • Barracouta class (1889)
  • Barham class (1889)
  • Pearl class (1889)
  • 1870-90 Torpedo Boats
  • Spanish Navy 1898 Armada 1898
    • Ironclad Pelayo (1887)

    • Aragon class (1879)
    • Velasco class (1881)
    • Isla de Luzon (1886)
    • Alfonso XII class (1887)
    • Reina Regentes class (1887)
    • Infanta Maria Teresa class (1890)
    • Emperador Carlos V (1895)
    • Cristobal Colon (1896)
    • Princesa de Asturias class (1896)

    • Destructor class (1886)
    • Temerario class (1891)
    • TGunboat Filipinas (1892)
    • De Molina class (1896)
    • Furor class (1896)
    • Audaz class (1897)
    • Spanish TBs (1878-87)
    • Fernando class gunboats (1875)
    • Concha class gunboats (1883)
    US Navy 1898 1898 US Navy US Navy 1898☍ See the Page
    • USS Maine (1889)
    • USS Texas (1892)
    • Indiana class (1893)
    • USS Iowa (1896)

    • Amphitrite class (1876)
    • USS Puritan (1882)
    • USS Monterey (1891)

    • Atlanta class (1884)
    • USS Chicago (1885)
    • USS Charleston (1888)
    • USS Baltimore (1888)
    • USS Philadelphia (1889)
    • USS San Francisco (1889)
    • USS Newark (1890)
    • USS New York (1891)
    • USS Olympia (1892)
    • Cincinatti class (1892)
    • Montgomery class (1893)
    • Columbia class (1893)
    • USS Brooklyn (1895)

    • USS Vesuvius (1888)
    • USS Katahdin (1893)
    • USN Torpedo Boats (1886-1901)
    • GB USS Dolphin (1884)
    • Yorktown class GB (1888)
    • GB USS Petrel (1888)
    • GB USS Bancroft (1892)
    • Machias class GB (1891)
    • GB USS Nashville (1895)
    • Wilmington class GB (1895)
    • Annapolis class GB (1896)
    • Wheeling class GB (1897)
    • Small gunboats (1886-95)
    • St Louis class AMC (1894)
    • Harvard class AMC (1888)
    • USN Armoured Merchant Cruisers
    • USN Armed Yachts

    WW1

    ☉ Entente Fleets

    US ww1 US Navy ☍ See the Page
    British ww1 Royal Navy ☍ See the Page
    French ww1 Marine Nationale ☍ See the Page
    Japan ww1 Nihhon Kaigun ☍ See the Page
    Russia ww1 Russkiy Flot ☍ See the Page
    Italy ww1 Regia Marina

    ✠ Central Empires

    German Navy 1914 Kaiserliche Marine
    austria-hungary ww1 KuK Kriesgmarine
    turkey ww1 Osmanli Donmanasi
    • Barbarossa class battleships (1892)
    • Yavuz (1914)
    • Cruiser Mecidieh (1903)
    • Cruiser Hamidieh (1903)
    • Cruiser Midilli (1914)
    • Namet Torpedo cruisers (1890)
    • Sahahani Deria Torpedo cruisers (1892)
    • Destroyers class Berk-Efshan (1894)
    • Destroyers class Yarishar (1907)
    • Destroyers class Muavenet (1909)
    • Berk i Savket class Torpedo gunboats (1906)
    • Marmaris gunboat (1903)
    • Sedd ul Bahr class gunboats (1907)
    • Isa Reis class gunboats (1911)
    • Preveze class gunboats (1912)
    • Turkish WW1 Torpedo Boats
    • Turkish Armed Yachts (1861-1903)
    • Turkish WW1 Minelayers

    ⚑ Neutral Countries

    Americas
    Argentinian navy Argentina
    Brazilian Navy Brazil
    Chilean Navy 1914 Chile
    Cuban Navy 1914 Cuba
    • Gunboat Baire (1906)
    • Gunboat Patria (1911)
    • Diez de octubre class GB (1911)
    • Sloop Cuba (1911)
    Haitian Navy 1914 Haiti
    • Gunboat Dessalines (1883)
    • GB Toussaint Louverture (1886)
    • GB Capois la Mort (1893)
    • GB Crete a Pierot (1895)
    Mexican Navy Mexico
    • Cruiser Zatagosa (1891)
    • GB Plan de Guadalupe (1892)
    • Tampico class GB (1902)
    • N. Bravo class GB (1903)
    Peruvian Navy 1914 Peru
    • Almirante Grau class (1906)
    • Ferre class subs. (1912)
    Europe
    Bulgarian Navy Bulgaria
    • Cruiser Nadezhda (1898)
    • Drski class TBs (1906)
    Danish Navy 1914 Denmark
    • Skjold class (1896)
    • Herluf Trolle class (1899)
    • Herluf Trolle (1908)
    • Niels Iuel (1918)
    • Hekla class cruisers (1890)
    • Valkyrien class cruisers (1888)
    • Fyen class crusiers (1882)
    • Danish TBs (1879-1918)
    • Danish Submarines (1909-1920)
    • Danish Minelayer/sweepers
    Greek Royal Navy Greece
    Dutch Empire Navy 1914 Netherlands
    • Eversten class (1894)
    • Konigin Regentes class (1900)
    • De Zeven Provincien (1909)
    • Dutch dreadnought (project)
    • Holland class cruisers (1896)
    • Fret class destroyers
    • Dutch Torpedo boats
    • Dutch gunboats
    • Dutch submarines
    • Dutch minelayers
    Norwegian Navy 1914 Norway
    • Haarfarge class (1897)
    • Norge class (1900)
    • Norwegian Monitors
    • Cr. Frithjof (1895)
    • Cr. Viking (1891)
    • DD Draug (1908)
    • Norwegian ww1 TBs
    • Norwegian ww1 Gunboats
    • Sub. Kobben (1909)
    • Ml. Fröya (1916)
    • Ml. Glommen (1917)
    Portuguese navy 1914 Portugal
    • Coastal Battleship Vasco da Gama (1875)
    • Cruiser Adamastor (1896)
    • Sao Gabriel class (1898)
    • Cruiser Dom Carlos I (1898)
    • Cruiser Rainha Dona Amelia (1899)
    • Portuguese ww1 Destroyers
    • Portuguese ww1 Submersibles
    • Portuguese ww1 Gunboats
    Romanian Navy 1914 Romania
    Spanish Armada Spain
    Swedish Navy 1914 Sweden
    Asia
    Chinese navy 1914 China
    Thai Empire Navy 1914 Thailand
    • Maha Chakri (1892)
    • Thoon Kramon (1866)
    • Makrut Rajakumarn (1883)

    ⚏ WW1 3rd/4th rank navies

    ✈ WW1 Naval Aviation

    US naval aviation USN
    • Boeing model 2/3/5 (1916)
    • Aeromarine 39 (1917)
    • Curtiss H (1917)
    • Curtiss F5L (1918)
    • Curtiss VE-7 (1918)
    • Curtiss NC (1918)
    • Curtiss NC4 (1918)
    RNAS RNAS
    • Short 184 (1915)
    • Fairey Campania (1917)
    • Felixtowe F2 (1916)
    • Felixtowe F3 (1917)
    • Felixtowe F5 (1918)
    • Sopwith Baby (1917)
    • Fairey Hamble Baby (1917)
    • Fairey III (1918)
    • Short S38 (1912)
    • Short Admiralty Type 166 (1914)
    • Short Admiralty Type 184 (1915)

    • Blackburn Kangaroo
    • Sopwith 1-1/2 Strutter
    • Sopwith Pup
    • Sopwith Cuckoo 1918
    • Royal Aircraft Factory Airships
    German Imperial naval aviation Marineflieger
    • Albatros W.4 (1916)
    • Albatros W.8 (1918)
    • Friedrichshafen Models
    • Gotha WD.1-27 (1918)
    • Hansa-Brandenburg series
    • L.F.G V.19 Stralsund (1918)
    • L.F.G W (1916)
    • L.F.G WD (1917)
    • Lübeck-Travemünde (1914)
    • Oertz W series (1914)
    • Rumpler 4B (1914)
    • Sablatnig SF (1916)
    • Zeppelin-Lindau Rs series
    • Kaiserlichesmarine Zeppelins
    French naval aviation French Naval Aviation
    • Borel Type Bo.11 (1911)
    • Nieuport VI.H (1912)
    • Nieuport X.H (1913)
    • Donnet-Leveque (1913)
    • FBA-Leveque (1913)
    • FBA (1913)
    • Donnet-Denhaut (1915)
    • Borel-Odier Type Bo-T(1916)
    • Levy G.L.40 (1917)
    • Blériot-SPAD S.XIV (1917)
    • Hanriot HD.2 (1918)
    • Zodiac Airships
    Italian naval aviation Italian Naval Aviation
    • Ansaldo SVA Idro (1916)
    • Ansaldo Baby Idro (1915)
    • Macchi M3 (1916)
    • Macchi M5 (1918)
    • SIAI S.12 (1918)
    Russian naval aviation Russian Naval Aviation
    • Grigorovich M-5 (1915)
    • Grigorovich M-9 (1916)
    • Grigorovich M-11 (1916)
    • Grigorovich M-15 (1916)
    • Grigorovich M-16 (1916)
    • Grigorovich M-16 (1916)
    ✠ K.u.K. SeeFliegkorps
    • Lohner E (1914)
    • Lohner L (1915)
    • Oeffag G (1916)
    IJN Aviation IJN Air Service
    • IJN Farman 1914
    • Yokosho Rogou Kougata (1917)
    • Yokosuka Igo-Ko (1920)

    WW2

    ✪ Allied ww2 Fleets

    US ww2 US Navy
    British ww2 Royal Navy ☍ See the Page
    French ww2 Marine Nationale ☍ See the Page
    Soviet ww2 Sovietskiy Flot ☍ See the Page
    Royal Canadian Navy Royal Canadian Navy ☍ See the Page
    Royal Australian Navy Royal Australian Navy ☍ See the Page
    Koninklije Marine, Dutch Navy ww2 Dutch Navy ☍ See the Page
    Chinese Navy Chinese Navy 1937 ☍ See the Page

    ✙ Axis ww2 Fleets

    Japan ww2 Imperial Japanese Navy ☍ See the Page
    italy ww2 Regia Marina ☍ See the Page
    German ww2 Kriegsmarine ☍ See the Page

    ⚑ Neutral Navies

    Armada de Argentina Argentinian Navy ☍ See the Page
    Marinha do Brasil Brazilian Navy ☍ See the Page
    Armada de Chile Chilean Navy ☍ See the Page
    Søværnet Danish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Niels Iuel (1918)
    • Danish ww2 Torpedo-Boats
    • Danish ww2 submarines
    • Danish ww2 minelayer/sweepers
    Merivoimat Finnish Navy ☍ See the Page
    Hellenic Navy Hellenic Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Greek ww2 Destroyers
    • Greek ww2 submarines
    • Greek ww2 minelayers
    Marynarka Vojenna Polish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Cruiser ORP Dragon
    • Cruiser ORP Conrad
    • Brislawicka class Destroyers
    • Witcher ww2 Destroyers
    • Minelayer Gryf
    • Wilk class sub.
    • Orzel class sub.
    • Jakolska class minesweepers
    • Polish Monitors
    Portuguese navy ww2 Portuguese Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Douro class DDs
    • Delfim class sub
    • Velho class gb
    • Albuquerque class gb
    • Nunes class sloops
    Romanian Navy Romanian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Romanian ww2 Destroyers
    • Romanian ww2 Submarines
    Royal Norwegian Navy Sjøforsvaret ☍ See the Page
    • Norwegian ww2 Torpedo-Boats
    Spanish Armada Spanish Armada ☍ See the Page
    Svenska Marinen Svenska Marinen ☍ See the Page
    • Sverige class CBBs (1915)
    • Gustav V class CBBs (1918)
    • Interwar Swedish CBB projects

    • Tre Kronor class (1943)
    • Gotland (1933)
    • Fylgia (1905)

    • Ehrernskjold class DDs (1926)
    • Psilander class DDs (1926)
    • Klas Horn class DDs (1931)
    • Romulus class DDs (1934)
    • Göteborg class DDs (1935)
    • Mode class DDs (1942)
    • Visby class DDs (1942)
    • Öland class DDs (1945)

    • Swedish ww2 TBs
    • Swedish ww2 Submarines
    • Swedish ww2 Minelayers
    • Swedish ww2 MTBs
    • Swedish ww2 Patrol Vessels
    • Swedish ww2 Minesweepers
    Türk Donanmasi Turkish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Kocatepe class Destroyers
    • Tinaztepe class Destroyers
    • İnönü class submarines
    • Submarine Dumplumpynar
    • Submarine Sakarya
    • Submarine Gur
    • Submarine Batiray
    • Atilay class submarines
    Royal Yugoslav Navy Royal Yugoslav Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Cruiser Dalmacija
    • Dubrovnik class DDs
    • Beograd class DDs
    • Osvetnik class subs
    • Hrabi class subs
    • Gunboat Beli Orao
    Royal Thai Navy Royal Thai Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Taksin class
    • Ratanakosindra class
    • Sri Ayuthia class
    • Puket class
    • Tachin class
    • Sinsamudar class sub
    minor navies Minor Navies ☍ See the Page

    ✈ Naval Aviation

    Latest entries | WW1 | Cold War
    US naval aviation USN aviation ☍ See the Page
    Fleet Air Arm ☍ See the Page
    IJN aviation ☍ See the Page
    • Mitsubishi 1MF (1923)
    • Nakajima A1N (1930)
    • Nakajima A2N (1932)
    • Mitsubishi A5M "Claude" (1935)
    • Nakajima A4N (1935)
    • Mitsubishi A6M "zeke" (1940)
    • Nakajima J1N Gekko "Irving" (1941)
    • Mitsubishi J2M Raiden "Jack" (1942)
    • Kawanishi N1K-J Shiden "George" (1942)
    • Nakajima J5N Tenrai (1944)

    • Aichi S1A Denko* (1944)
    • Mitsubishi A7M reppu* (1944)
    • Mitsubishi J8M1 Shusui* (1945)
    • Mitsubishi J8M2 Shusui-kai* (1945)
    • Kyushu J7W Shinden* (1945)
    • Nakajima J9Y Kikka* (1945)

    • Mitsubishi 1MT (1922)
    • Mitsubishi B1M (1923)
    • Mitsubishi B2M (1932)
    • Kugisho B3Y (1932)
    • Aichi D1A "Susie" (1934)
    • Yokosuka B4Y "Jean" (1935)
    • Mitsubishi B5M "Mabel" (1937)
    • Nakajima B5N "Kate" (1937)
    • Aichi D3A "Val" (1940)
    • Nakajima B6N "Jill" (1941)
    • Aichi B7A "Grace" (1942)
    • Nakajima C6N Saiun "Myrt" (1942)
    • Yokosuka D4Y "Judy" (1942)
    • Yokosuka MXY-7 "Baka" (1944)

    • Mitsubishi G3M "Nell" (1935)
    • Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" (1941)
    • Kawanishi P1Y Ginga "Frances" (1943)
    • Kyushu Q1W Tokai "Lorna" (1943)
    • Tachikawa Ki-74 "Patsy" (1944)
    • Nakajima G8N Renzan "Rita" (1944)

    • Mitsubishi K3M "Pine" (1930)
    • Nakajima C2N1 (1931)
    • Yokosuka K5Y1 "Willow" (1933)
    • Nakajima L1N1 (1937)
    • Kawanishi H6K2/4-L (1938)
    • Kyushu K10W1 "Oak" (1941)
    • Kyushu K11W1 Shiragiku (1942)
    • Mitsubishi L4M1 (1942)
    • Nakajima G5N Shinzan "Liz" (1942)
    • Yokosuka L3Y "Tina" (1942)
    • Kyushu Q1W1-K "Lorna"(1943)
    • Aichi M6A1-K Nanzan (1943)
    • Yokosuka MXY-7K-1 "Kai" (1944)
    • Yokosuka MXY-8 Akigusa (1945)

    • Hiro H1H (1926)
    • Yokosuka E1Y (1926)
    • Nakajima E2N (1927)
    • Aichi E3A (1929)
    • Yokosuka K4Y (1930)
    • Nakajima E4N (1931)
    • Nakajima E8N "Dave" (1935)
    • Kawanishi E7K "Alf" (1935)
    • Kawanishi E11K1 (1937)
    • Aichi E11A "Laura" (1938)
    • Watanabe E9W (1938)
    • Watanabe K8W* (1938)
    • Mitsubishi F1M "pete" (1941)
    • Nakajima E14Y "Glen" (1941)
    • Aichi E13A "Jake" (1941)
    • Aichi H9A (1942)
    • Nakajima A6M2-N (1942)
    • Kawanishi E15K Shiun (1942)
    • Kawanishi N1K1 "Rex" (1943)
    • Aichi E16A "Zuiun" (1944)
    • Aichi M6A1 Seiran (1945)

    • Kawanishi E11K* (1937)
    • Kawanishi H6K "Mavis" (1938)
    • Kawanishi K6K* (1938)
    • Kawanishi H6K3 (1939)
    • Kawanishi K8K (1940)
    • Kawanishi H8K "Emily" (1942)
    • Yokosuka H5Y "Cherry" (1936)

    • Mitsubishi 2MR (1923)
    • Yokosho K1Y (1924)
    • Yokosuka K2Y (1928)
    • Mitsubishi K3M "Pine" (1930)
    • Hitachi LXG1 (1934)
    • Kyushu K10W "Oak" (1943)
    Italian Aviation ☍ See the Page
    French Aeronavale ☍ See the Page
    • Levasseur PL5/9 (1924)
    • Wibault 74 (1926)
    • CAMS 37 (1926)
    • Gourdou-Leseurre GL.300 series (1926-39)
    • Levasseur PL7 (1928)
    • Levasseur PL10 (1929)
    • Latécoere 290 (1931)
    • Breguet 521/22/23 (1931)
    • Leo H257 bis (1932)
    • Latécoere 300 series (1932)
    • Morane 226 (1934)
    • Dewoitine 376 (1934)
    • Latécoere 321 (1935)
    • Potez 452 (1935)
    • Latécoere 38.1 (1936)
    • Loire 210 (1936)
    • Leo H43 (1936)
    • Levasseur PL107 (1937)
    • Loire 130 (1937)
    • Dewoitine HD.730 (1938)
    • Latecoere 298 (1938)
    • LN 401 (1938)
    Soviet Naval Aviation
    Luftwaffe (Naval) ☍ See the Page
    • Arado 197 (1937)
    • Fieseler Fi-167 (1938)
    • Junkers Ju-87C (1938)
    • Messerschmitt Me 109T (1941)
    • Messerschmitt 155 (1944)

    • Heinkel HE 1 (1921)
    • Caspar U1 (1922)
    • Dornier Do J Wal (1922)
    • Dornier Do 16 ‘Wal’ (1923)
    • Heinkel HE 2 (1923)
    • Junkers A 20/Ju 20 (1923)
    • Rohrbach Ro II (1923)
    • Rohrbach Ro III (1924)
    • Dornier Do D (1924)
    • Dornier Do E (1924)
    • Junkers G 24 (1924)
    • Rohrbach Ro IV (1925)
    • Heinkel HD 14 (1925)
    • Heinkel HE 25 (1925)
    • Heinkel HE 26 (1925)
    • Heinkel HE 24 (1926)
    • Heinkel HE 4 (1926)
    • Junkers W 33/34 (1926)
    • Heinkel HE 5 (1926)
    • Rohrbach Ro VII Robbe (1926)
    • Rohrbach Ro V Rocco (1927)
    • Heinkel HE 31 (1927)
    • Heinkel HE 8 (1927)
    • Arado W II (1928)
    • Heinkel HD 9 (1928)
    • Heinkel HD 16 (1928)
    • Heinkel He 55 (1929)
    • Heinkel He 56 (1929)
    • Arado SSD I (1930)
    • Junkers Ju 52w (1930)
    • Heinkel HE 42 (1931)
    • Heinkel He 50 (1931)
    • Heinkel He 59 (1931)
    • Arado Ar 66 (1932)
    • Heinkel He 58 (1932)
    • Junkers Ju 46 (1932)
    • Klemm Kl 35bW (1932)
    • Heinkel He 62 (1932)
    • Heinkel He 60 (1933)
    • Heinkel He 51w (1933)
    • Arado Ar 95 (1937)
    • Arado Ar 196 (1937)
    • Arado Ar 199 (1939)
    • Blohm & Voss Ha 139 (1936)
    • Blohm & Voss BV 138 (1937)
    • Blohm & Voss Ha 140 (1937)
    • Blohm & Voss BV 222 (1938)
    • Blohm & Voss BV 238 (1942)
    • Dornier Do 24/318 (1937)
    • Dornier Do 18 (1935)
    • Dornier Do 26 (1938)
    • Dornier Do 22 (1938)
    • DFS Seeadler (1936)
    • Focke-Wulf Fw 58W (1935)
    • Focke-Wulf Fw 62 (1937)
    • Heinkel He 114 (1936)
    • Heinkel He 115 (1936)
    • Heinkel He 119 (1936)
    Dutch Naval Aviation
    • Fokker W.3 (1915)
    • Fokker T.II (1921)
    • Fokker B.I/III (1922)
    • Fokker B.II (1923)
    • Fokker T.III (1924)
    • Fokker T.IV (1927)
    • Fokker B.IV (1928)
    • Fokker C.VII W (1928)
    • Fokker C.VIII W (1929)
    • Fokker C.XI W (1934)
    • Fokker C.XIV-W (1937)
    • Fokker T.VIII-W (1939)

    ☢ The Cold War

    ☭ WARSAW PACT

    Sovietskaya Flota Sovietskiy flot ☍ See the Page
    Warsaw Pact cold war navy Warsaw Pact Navies ☍ See the Detail
    • Albania
    • Bulgaria
    • Czechoslovakia
    • Hungary
    • Volksmarine East Germany
    • Parchim class corvettes (1985)
    • Hai class sub-chasers (1958)
    • Volksmarine's minesweepers
    • Volksmarine's FAC
    • Volksmarine's Landing ships
    • ORP Warzsawa (1970)
    • ORP Kaszub (1986)
    • Polish Landing ships
    • Polish FACs
    • Polish Patrol ships
    • Polish Minesweepers
    • Missile Destroyer Muntenia (1982)
    • Tetal class Frigates (1981)
    • Romanian river patrol crafts

    ✦ NATO

    bundesmarine Bundesmarine ☍ See the Page
    Dutch Navy Danish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Hvidbjornen class Frigates (1962)
    • Frigate Beskytteren (1976)
    • Peder Skram class Frigates (1965)
    • Thetis class frigates (1989)
    • Bellona class corvettes (1955)
    • Niels Juel class corvettes (1979)

    • Delfinen class submarines (1958)
    • Narhvalen class submarines (1970)

    • Bille class Torpedo Boats (1946)
    • Flyvefisken class Torpedo Boats (1954)
    • Falken class Torpedo Boats (1960)
    • Soloven class Torpedo Boats (1962)
    • Willemoes class FAC (1976)
    • Flyvefisken class FAC (1989)
    • Daphne class Patrol Boats (1960)
    • Danish Minelayers
    • Danish Minesweepers
    Dutch Navy Dutch Navy ☍ See the Page
    • CV Karel Doorman (1948)
    • De Zeven Provinciën class cruisers (1945)
    • Holland class DDs (1953)
    • Friesland class DDs (1953)
    • Roodfier class Frigates (1953)
    • Frigate Lynx (1954)
    • Van Speijk class Frigates (1965)
    • Tromp class Frigates (1973)
    • Kortenaer class frigates (1976)
    • Van H. class Frigates (1983)
    • K. Doorman class Frigates (1988)
    • Dolfijn clas sub. (1959)
    • Zwaardvis class subs. (1970)
    • Walrus class subs. (1985)
    • ATD Rotterdam (1990s)
    • Dokkum class minesweepers (1954)
    • Alkmaar class minesweepers (1982)
    Hellenic Navy Hellenic Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Hydra class FFs (1990)
    • Greek cold war Subs
    • Greek Amphibious ships
    • Greek MTBs/FACs
    • Greek Patrol Vessels
    Eire Irish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Eithne class PBs (1983)
    • Cliona class PBs
    • Deidre/Emer class PBs
    • Orla class fast PBs
    Marina Militare Marina Militare ☍ See the Page
      Aircraft Carriers
    • Giuseppe Garibaldi (1983)
    • Conte di Cavour (2004)*
    • Trieste (2022)*
    • Cruisers
    • Missile cruiser Garibaldi (1960)
    • Doria class H. cruisers (1962)
    • Vittorio Veneto (1969)
    • Destroyers

    • Impetuoso class (1956)
    • Impavido class (1957)
    • Audace class (1971)
    • De La Penne class (1989)
    • Orizzonte class (2007)*
    • Frigates
    • Grecale class (1949)
    • Canopo class (1955)
    • Bergamini class (1960)
    • Alpino class (1967)
    • Lupo class (1976)
    • Maestrale class (1981)
    • Bergamini class (2013)*
    • Thaon di Revel class (2020)*
    • Corvettes (OPV)
    • Albatros class (1954)
    • De Cristofaro class (1965)
    • Minerva class (1987)
    • Cassiopeia class (1989)
    • Esploratore class (1997)*
    • Sirio class (2003)*
    • Commandanti class (2004)*
    • Submarines
    • Toti class (1967)
    • Sauro class (1976)
    • Pelosi class (1986)
    • Sauro class (1992)*
    • Todaro class (2006)*
    • Attack/Amphibious ships
    • San Giorgio LSD (1987)
    • Gorgona class CTS (1987)
    • Italian Landing Crafts (1947-2020)
    • Misc. ships
    • Folgore PB (1952)
    • Lampo class PBs (1960)
    • Freccia class PBs (1965)
    • Sparviero class GMHF (1973)
    • Stromboli class AOR (1975)
    • Anteo SRS (1980)
    • Etna class LSS (1988)
    • Vulcano AOR (1998)*
    • Elettra EWSS (2003)*
    • Etna AOR (2021)*
    • Mine warfare ships
    • Lerici class (1982)
    • Gaeta class (1992)*
    Marine Française Marine Nationale ☍ See the Page
      Battleships
    • Jean Bart (1949)
    • Aircraft/Helicopter carriers
    • Dixmude (1946)
    • Arromanches (1946)
    • Lafayette class light carriers (1954)
    • PA 28 class project (1947)
    • Clemenceau class (1957)
    • Jeanne d'Arc (1961)
    • PA 58 (1958)
    • PH 75/79 (1975)
    • Charles de Gaulle (1994)

    • Cruisers
    • De Grasse (1946)
    • Chateaurenault class (1950)
    • Colbert (1956)

    • Destroyers
    • Surcouf class (1953)
    • Duperre class (1956)
    • La Galissonniere class (1960)
    • Suffren class (1965)
    • Aconit (1970)
    • Tourville class (1972)
    • G. Leygues class (1976)
    • Cassard class (1985)

    • Frigates
    • Le Corse class (1952)
    • Le Normand class (1954)
    • Cdt Riviere class (1958)
    • Estiennes D'Orves class (1973)
    • Lafayette class (1990)

    • Corvettes
    • Estiennes D'Orves class (1973)
    • Floreal class (1990)

    • Submarines
    • La Creole class (1940)
    • Narval class (1954)
    • Arethuse class (1957)
    • Daphne class (1959)
    • Gymnote test SSBN (1964)
    • Le Redoutable SSBN (1967)
    • Agosta SSN (1974)
    • Rubis SSN (1979)
    • Amethyste SSN (1988)
    • Le Triomphant SSBN (started 1989)

    • Amphibian Ships
    • Issole (1958)
    • EDIC class (1958)
    • Trieux class (1958)
    • Ouragan lass (1963)
    • Champlain lass (1973)
    • Bougainville (1986)
    • Foudre class (1988)
    • CDIC lass (1989)

    • Misc. ships
    • Le Fougueux class (1958)
    • La Combattante class (1964)
    • Trident class (1976)
    • L'Audacieuse class (1984)
    • Grebe class (1989)
    • Sirius class (1952)
    • Circe class (1972)
    • Eridan class (1979)
    • Vulcain class (1986)
    RCAN RCAN ☍ See the Page
    • HCMS Bonaventure (1957)
    • St Laurent class DDE (1951)
    • Algonquin class DDE (1952)
    • Restigouche class DDs (1954)
    • Mackenzie class DDs (1961)
    • Annapolis class DDH (1963)
    • Iroquois class DDH (1970)

    • River (mod) 1955
    • Tribal class FFs (Pjct)
    • City class DDH (1988)

    • Ojibwa class sub. (1964)
    • Kingston class MCFV (1995)
    Royal Navy Royal Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Cold War Aircraft Carriers
    • Centaur class (1947)
    • HMS Victorious (1957)
    • HMS Eagle (1946)
    • HMS Ark Royal (1950)
    • HMS Hermes (1953)
    • CVA-01 class (1966 project)
    • Invincible class (1977)

    • Cold War Cruisers
    • Tiger class (1945)

    • Destroyers
    • Daring class (1949)
    • 1953 design (project)
    • Cavendish class (1944)
    • Weapon class (1945)
    • Battle class (1945)
    • FADEP program (1946)
    • County class GMD (1959)
    • Bristol class GMD (1969)
    • Sheffield class GMD (1971)
    • Manchester class GMD (1980)
    • Type 43 GMD (1974)

    • British cold-war Frigates
    • Rapid class (1942)
    • Tenacious class (1941)
    • Whitby class (1954)
    • Blackwood class (1953)
    • Leopard class (1954)
    • Salisbury class (1953)
    • Tribal class (1959)
    • Rothesay class (1957)
    • Leander class (1961)
    • BB Leander class (1967)
    • HMS Mermaid (1966)
    • Amazon class (1971)
    • Broadsword class (1976)
    • Boxer class (1981)
    • Cornwall class (1985)
    • Duke class (1987)

    • British cold war Submarines
    • T (conv.) class (1944)
    • T (Stream) class (1945)
    • A (Mod.) class (1944)
    • Explorer class (1954)
    • Strickleback class (1954)
    • Porpoise class (1956)
    • Oberon class (1959)
    • HMS Dreanought SSN (1960)
    • Valiant class SSN (1963)
    • Resolution class SSBN (1966)
    • Swiftsure class SSN (1971)
    • Trafalgar class SSN (1981)
    • Upholder class (1986)
    • Vanguard class SSBN (started)

    • Assault ships
    • Fearless class (1963)
    • HMS Ocean (started)
    • Sir Lancelot LLS (1963)
    • Sir Galahad (1986)
    • Ardennes/Avon class (1976)
    • Brit. LCVPs (1963)
    • Brit. LCM(9) (1980)

    • Minesweepers/layers
    • Ton class (1952)
    • Ham class (1947)
    • Ley class (1952)
    • HMS Abdiel (1967)
    • HMS Wilton (1972)
    • Hunt class (1978)
    • Venturer class (1979)
    • River class (1983)
    • Sandown class (1988)

    • Misc. ships
    • HMS Argus ATS (1988)
    • Ford class SDF (1951)
    • Cormorant class (1985)
    • Kingfisger class (1974)
    • HMS Jura OPV (1975)
    • Island class OPVs (1976)
    • HMS Speedy PHDF (1979)
    • Castle class OPVs (1980)
    • Peacock class OPVs (1982)
    • MBT 538 class (1948)
    • Gay class FACs (1952)
    • Dark class FACs (1954)
    • Bold class FACs (1955)
    • Brave class FACs (1957)
    • Tenacity class PCs (1967)
    • Brave class FPCs (1969)
    Armada de espanola - Spanish cold war navy Spanish Armada ☍ See the Page
    • Dédalo aircraft carrier (1967)
    • Principe de Asturias (1982)

    • Alava class DDs (1946)
    • Audaz class DDs (1955)
    • Oquendo class DDs (1956)
    • Roger de Lauria class (1967)

    • Baleares class FFs (1971)
    • Descubierta class FFs (1978)
    • Numancia class FFs (1987)

    • Pizarro class gunboats (1944)
    • Artevida class Cvs (1952)
    • Serviola class Cvs (1990)
    • Spanish cold-war submarines
    • Spanish FACs
    • Spanish Minesweepers
    Svenska Marinen Svenska Marinen ☍ See the Page
    • Tre Kronor class (1946)
    • Öland class DDs (1945)
    • Halland class DDs (1952) (1945)
    • Ostergotland class DDs (1956)
    • Spica III class Corvettes (1984)
    • Goteborg class Corvettes (1989)

    • U1 class subs (mod.1963)
    • Hajen class subs (1954)
    • Sjoormen class subs (1967)
    • Nacken class subs (1978)
    • Vastergotland class subs (1986)
    • Gotland class subs (1995)

    • T32 class MTBs (1951)
    • T42 class MTBs (1955)
    • Plejad class FACs (1951)
    • Spica I class FACs (1966)
    • Spica II class FACs (1972)
    • Hugin class FACs (1973)
    • Swedish Patrol Boats
    • Swedish minesweepers
    • Swedish Icebreakers
    Taiwanese Navy Taiwanese Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Kwang Hua class FFs (1991)
    • Kwang Hua II class FFs (1993)
    • Hai Lung class sub. (1986)
    • LCU 1466 class LCU (1955)
    • Fuh Chow class FAC
    • Lung Chiang class FAC
    • Hai Ou class FAC(M)
    • MWW 50 class minehunters
    Turkish Navy Turkish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Berk class FFs (1971)
    • Atilay class sub. (1974)
    • Cakabey class LST
    • Osman Gazi class LST
    • Turkish Fast Attack Crafts
    • Turkish Patrol Boats
    US Navy USN (cold war) ☍ See the Page

    ☯ ASIA

    Chinese Navy ☍ See the Page
    Indian Navy Indian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Vikrant class CVs (1961)
    • Viraat class CVs (1986)

    • Cruiser Delhi (1948)
    • Cruiser Mysore (1957)
    • Raja class DDs (1949)
    • Rajput class DDs (1980)
    • Delhi class DDs (1990)

    • Khukri class FFs (1956)
    • Talwar class FFs (1958)
    • Brahmaputra class FFs (1957)
    • Nilgiri class FFs (1968)
    • Godavari class FFs (1980)

    • Kusura class subs (1970)
    • Shishumar class subs (1984)
    • Sindhugosh class subs (1986)

    • Indian Amphibious ships
    • Indian corvettes (1969-90)
    • Khukri class corvettes (1989)
    • SDB Mk.2 class PBs (1977)
    • Vikram class OPVs (1979)
    • Sukanya class OPVs (1989)
    Indonesia Indonesian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Fatahilla class Frigates (1977)
    • Pattimura class corvettes (1956)
    • Indonesian Marines
    • Indonesian Mine Vessels
    • Indonesian FAC/OPVs
    JMSDF JMSDF ☍ See the Page
      JMSDF Destroyers
    • Harukaze class DD (1955)
    • Ayanami class DD (1957)
    • Murasame class DD (1958)
    • Akizuki class DD (1959)
    • Amatukaze missile DD (1963)
    • Yamagumo class DDE (1965)
    • Takatsuki class DD (1966)
    • Minegumo class DDE (1967)
    • Haruna class DDH (1971)
    • Tachikaze class DD (1974)
    • Shirane class DDH (1978)
    • Hatsuyuki class DDs (1980)
    • Hatakaze class DDs (1984)
    • Asigiri class DDs (1986)
    • Kongo class DDs (started 1990)

    • JMSDF Frigates
    • Akebono class FFs (1955)
    • Isuzu class FFs (1961)
    • Chikugo class FFs (1970)
    • Ishikari class FFs (1980)
    • Yubari class FFs (1982)
    • Abukuma class FFs (1988)

    • JMSDF submarines
    • Oyashio class Sub. (1959)
    • Hayashio class Sub. (1961)
    • Natsushio class Sub. (1963)
    • Oshio class Sub. (1964)
    • Uzushio class Sub. (1970)
    • Yushio class Sub. (1979)
    • Harushio class Sub. (1989)

    • JMSDF Misc. ships
    • Japanese Landing Ships
    • Japanese Large Patrol Ships
    • Japanese Patrol Crafts
    • Japanese Minesweepers
    • Japanese Sub-chasers
    North Korean Navy North Korean Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Najin class Frigates
    • Experimental Frigate Soho
    • Sariwan class Corvettes

    • Sinpo class subs.
    • Sang-O class subs.
    • Yono class subs.
    • Yugo class subs.

    • Hungnam class LCM
    • Hante class LST
    • Songjong class HVC
    • Sin Hung/Ku Song FACs
    • Anju class FACs
    • Iwon class FACs
    • Chaho class FACs
    • Hong Jin class FAC-G
    • Sohung class MTBs
    • Sinpo class MTBs
    • Nampo class FALC
    Philippines Navy Philippines Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Datu Kalantian class Frigates (1976)
    • Bacolod City class LS(L)
    • Philippino Patrol Crafts
    Rep. of Korea Navy ROKN ☍ See the Page
    • Ulsan class frigates (1980)
    • Pohang class corvettes (1984)
    • Dong Hae class corvettes (1982)
    • Han Kang class patrol corvettes (1985)
    • Chamsuri (PKM 268) PBs (1978)
    • ROKS coast guard vessels
    • Paek Ku class FAC (1975)
    • Kang Keong class minehunters (1986)
    Taiwanese Navy Taiwanese Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Kwang Hua class FFs (1991)
    • Kwang Hua II class FFs (1993)
    • Hai Lung class sub. (1986)
    • LCU 1466 class LCU (1955)
    • Fuh Chow class FAC
    • Lung Chiang class FAC
    • Hai Ou class FAC(M)
    • MWW 50 class minehunters

    ☪ MIDDLE EAST

    Israeli Navy IDF Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Eilat class Corvettes (1993)
    • SAAR 5 Project
    • SAAR 1 FAC
    • SAAR 4 FAC
    • SAAR 4.5 FAC
    • Dvora class FAC
    • Shimrit class MHFs
    • IDF FACs/PBs
    • Etzion Geber LST
    • Ash class LCT
    Iranian Navy Iranian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Destroyer Artemiz (1965)
    • Bayandor class FFs (1963)
    • Alvand class FFs (1969)
    • Khalije Fars class DDs (2016)*

    ♅ OCEANIA

    Australian Navy RAN ☍ See the Page
    • HMAS Sydney (1948*)
    • HMAS Melbourne (1955*)
    • Tobruk class DDs (1947)
    • Voyager class DDs (1952)
    • Perth class MDD (1963)
    • Quadrant class FFs (1953)
    • Yarra class FFs (1958)
    • Swan class FFs (1967)
    • Adelaide class MFFs (1978)
    • Anzac class MFFs (1990s)
    • Oxley class subs (1965)
    • Collins class subs (1990s)
    • Australian Amphibious ships
    • Fremantle class PBs
    RNZN Royal New Zealand Navy ☍ See the Page
    • HMNZS Royalist (1956)
    • Pukaki class patrol Crafts (1974)
    • Moa class patrol crafts (1983)
    • HMNZS Aotearoa (2019)*

    ☩ South America

    Armada de argentina Argentina ☍ See the Page
    • ARA Independencia (1958)
    • ARA Veinticinco de Mayo (1968)
    • Belgrano class cruisers (1951)
    • Almirante Brown class Frigates (1981)
    • Mantilla class corvettes (1981)
    • Espora class corvettes (1982)
    • Salta class submarines (1972)
    • Santa Cruz class submarines (1982)
    Brazilian Navy Brazilian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Minas Gerais aircraft carrier (1956)
    • Cruiser Barroso (1951)
    • Cruiser Tamandare (1951)
    • Acre class destroyers (1945)
    • Niteroi class Frigates (1974)
    • Ihnauma class Frigate (1986)
    • Tupi class submarines (1987)
    • Brazilian patrol ships
    Chilean Navy Chilean Navy ☍ See the Page
    • O'Higgins class cruisers
    • Lattore Cruiser (1971)
    • Almirante class destroyers (1960)
    • Prat class M. Destroyers (1982)
    • Almirante Lynch class Frigates (1972)
    • Thomson class subs (1982)
    • Small surface combatants
    Peruvian Navy Peruvian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Almirante Grau(ii) class
    • Almirante Grau(iii) class
    • Abtao class sub.
    • PR-72P class corvettes
    • Velarde class OPVs

    ℣ AFRICA

    Egyptian Navy Egyptian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • October class FAC/M (1975)
    • Ramadan class FAC/M (1979)
    SADF South African Navy ☍ See the Page
    ☫ Minor cold war/modern Navies Algerian NavyAzerbaijani NavyBangladesh NavyBarheini NavyBolivian NavyCambodian NavyComoros NavyCosta Rica NavyCroatian NavyCuban NavyDjibouti NavyDominican Republic NavyEquadorian NavyEstonian NavyEthiopian NavyFinnish NavyGeorgian NavyHaitian NavyHonduras NavyIcelandic NavyIraqi NavyJordanian NavyKuwaiti NavyLatvian NavyLebanese NavyLiberian NavyLibyan NavyLithuanian NavyMauritanian NavyMexican NavyMorrocan NavyNicaraguan NavyNorwegian NavyOmani NavyPakistani NavyParaguaian NavyQatari NavySan Salvador NavySaudi NavySerbian NavySingaporean NavySlovenian NavySomalian NavySudanese NavySyrian NavyThai NavyTunisian NavyUAE NavyUruguayan NavyVenezuelan NavyVietnamese NavyYemeni NavyZanzibar Navy

    ✚ MORE

    ⚔ Cold War Naval Events
    • ⚔ Indochina War naval ops
    • ⚔ Korean War naval ops
    • ⚔ 1956 intervention in Suez
    • ⚔ 1960 Cuban crisis
    • ⚔ 1960 US/Soviet compared strenghts
    • ⚔ 1963-69 Algerian war naval ops
    • ⚔ Naval warfare in Vietnam
    • ⚔ Middle East naval fights
    • ⚔ 1980 Falkland wars
    • ⚔ 1990 Gulf War
    ⚔ Modern Navies
    ✈ Cold War Naval Aviation See the full section
    Seaplanes
    • Grumman Mallard 1946
    • Edo OSE-1 1946
    • Short Solent 1946

    • de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver 1947
    • Grumman Albatross 1947
    • Hughes H-4 Hercules (completed & first flight, prototype)
    • Saunders-Roe SR.A/1 1947 (jet fighter seaplane prototype)
    • Short Sealand 1947

    • Martin P5M Marlin 1948
    • Supermarine Seagull ASR-1 1948 (prototype successor to the Walrus)
    • Nord 1400 Noroit 1949
    • Norsk Flyindustri Finnmark 5A (interesting Norwegian prototype)
    • SNCASE SE-1210 French prototype flying boat 1949

    • Convair R3Y Tradewind USN patrol flying boat 1950
    • Goodyear Drake (proto seaboat) 1950
    • de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter 1951 (RCAN)
    • Saunders-Roe Princess 1952 (RN requisition possible)

    • Convair F2Y Sea Dart Prototype delta jet fighter seaplane 1953
    • Martin P6M SeaMaster strategic bomber flying boat 1955

    • Ikarus Kurir H 1957

    • Shin Meiwa UF-XS prototype 1962
    • Shin Meiwa PS-1 patrol flying boat 1967
    • Canadair CL-215 1967 water bomber, some operated by the RCAN
    • GAF Nomad patrol australian land/floatplane 1971
    • Harbin SH-5 Main PLAN patrol flying boat 1976
    • Cessna 208 Caravan transport flotplane (some navies) 1982
    • Dornier Seastar prototype 1984

    • Patrol Planes
    • ATR 42 MP Surveyor (Italy, 1984)
    • ATR 72 MP (Italy 1988)

    • ATR 72 ASW (France, 1988)
    • Breguet Atlantic (France 1965)
    • Nord 1402 Noroit (France 1949)

    • Avro Shackleton (UK 1949)
    • BAE Nimrod MRA4 (UK 2004)
    • Britten-Norman Defender/Islander (UK 1970)
    • Fairey Gannet (UK 1949)
    • Hawker-Siddeley Nimrod (UK 1967)

    • Beechcraft King Air (USA 1963)
    • Basler BT-67 (USA 1990)
    • Boeing 737 Surveiller (USA 1967)
    • Boeing P-8 Poseidon (USA 2009)
    • Lockheed P-2 Neptune (USA, 1945)
    • Lockheed P-3 Orion (USA 1959)
    • Martin P4M Mercator (USA 1946)
    • Convair P5Y (USA 1950)
    • Douglas/BSAS Turbo Dakota (USA 1991)

    • Bombardier DHC-8 MPA/MSA (Can 2007)
    • Canadair CP-107 Argus (Can 1957)

    • CASA C-212 MPA (Spain 1971)
    • CASA/IPTN CN-235 MPA/HC-144 Ocean Sentry (Spain 1983)
    • CASA C-295 MPA (Spain 1997)

    • Diamond DA42 Guardian (Austria 2002)

    • Dornier 228 (Germany 1981)

    • Embraer EMB 111 Bandeirante (Brazil 1968)
    • Embraer R-99 (Brazil 2001)
    • Embraer P-99 (Brazil 2003)

    • Fokker F27 200-MAR (NL 1955)
    • Fokker F27 Maritime Enforcer (NL 1955)

    • IAI 1124N Sea Scan (Israel 1977)

    • Kawasaki P-1 (Japan 2007)
    • Kawasaki P-2J (Japan 1966)

    • Saab Swordfish (Sweden 2016)
    • Shaanxi Y-8F,Q,X (China 1984)
    • Short Seavan (UK 1976)

    • Beriev Be-8 1947
    • Beriev Be-6 1949
    • Beriev R-1 turbojet prototype seaplane 1952
    • Beriev Be-10 1956
    • Beriev Be-12 Chaika 1960
    • Beriev Be-40/A-40 Albatross prototypes 1986
    • Chetverikov TA-1 1947
    • Ilyushin Il-38 'May' (USSR 1967)
    • Myasishchev 3M/3MD (USSR 1956)
    • Tupolev Tu-16T/PL/R/RM/SP (USSR 1952)
    • Tupolev Tu-95MR (USSR 1961)
    • Tupolev Tu-142 (USSR 1968)

    • Carrier Planes
      USN
    • Douglas A-3 Skywarrior
    • Douglas A-4 Skyhawk
    • Douglas A2D Skyshark
    • Douglas AD Skyraider
    • Douglas F3D Skynight
    • Douglas F4D Skyray
    • Grumman A-6 Intruder
    • Grumman AF Guardian
    • Grumman C-1 Trader
    • Grumman C-2 Greyhound
    • Grumman E-1 Tracer
    • Grumman E-2 Hawkeye
    • Grumman EA-6B Prowler
    • Grumman F-9 Cougar
    • Grumman F9F Panther
    • Grumman F-11 Tiger
    • Grumman F-14 Tomcat ➚
    • Grumman S-2 Tracker
    • Lockheed Martin F-35B
    • Lockheed S-3 Viking ➚
    • McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II
    • McDonnell Douglas T-45 Goshawk
    • McDonnell FH Phantom
    • McDonnell F2H Banshee
    • McDonnell F3H Demon
    • McDonnell-Douglas AV-8B Harrier II
    • McDonnell-Douglas F/A-18 Hornet
    • North American A-5 Vigilante
    • North American AJ Savage
    • North American FJ Fury
    • North American T-2 Buckeye
    • North American T-28 Trojan
    • Vought A-7 Corsair
    • Vought F-8 Crusader
    • Vought F6U Pirate
    • Vought F7U Cutlass
    • Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet
    • Boeing EA-18G Growler
    • RN
    • Blackburn Buccaneer
    • Boulton Paul Sea Balliol
    • BAe Sea Harrier
    • de Havilland Sea Vampire
    • de Havilland Sea Venom
    • de Havilland Sea Vixen
    • Fairey Gannet
    • Hawker Sea Hawk
    • Short Seamew
    • Westland Wyvern
    • Marine Nationale
    • Breguet Alizé
    • Dassault Étendard IV
    • Dassault Super Étendard
    • Dassault Rafale M
    • Fouga CM.175 Zéphyr M
    • SNCASE Aquilon
    • Soviet Navy
    • Sukhoi Su-25UTG/UBP
    • Sukhoi Su-33
    • Yakovlev Yak-38

    Navy Helicopters
      Chinese PLAN:
    • Harbin Z-5 (1958)
    • Harbin Z-9 Haitun (1981)
    • Changhe Z-8 (1985)
    • Harbin Z-20 (in development)
    • Italy:
    • Agusta Bell AB-205 (1961)
    • Agusta Bell AB-212 (1971)
    • Agusta AS-61 (1968)
    • India:
    • Hal Dhruv (Indian Navy)
    • France:
    • Alouette II (1955)
    • Alouette III (1959)
    • Super Frelon (1965)

    • Cougar ()
    • Panther ()
    • Super Cougar H225M ()
    • Fennec ()
    • MH-65 Dolphin ()
    • UH-72 Lakota ()
    • Germany:
    • MBB Bo 105 (1967)
    • NHIndustries NH90
    • Japan:
    • Mitsubishi H-60 (1987)
    • Poland:
    • PZL W-3 Sokół (1979)
    • Romania:
    • IAR 330M (1975)
    • United Kingdom:
    • Westland Lynx (1971)
    • Westland Scout (1960) RAN
    • Westland Sea King (1969)
    • Westland Wasp (1962)
    • Westland Wessex (1958)
    • Westland Whirlwind (1953)
    • Westland WS-51 Dragonfly (1948)
    • USA:
    • Gyrodyne QH-50 DASH
    • Hiller ROE Rotorcycle (1956)
    • Piasecki HRP Rescuer (1945)
    • Bell UH-1N Twin Huey (1969)
    • SH-2 Seasprite (1959)
    • SH-2G Super Seasprite (1982)
    • CH-53 Sea Stallion (1966)
    • SH-60 Seahawk (1979)
    • Sikorsky S-61R (1959)
    • MH-53E Sea Dragon (1974)
    • ussr:
    • Kamov Ka 20 (1958)
    • Ka-25 "Hormone" (1960)
    • Ka-27 "Helix" (1973)
    • Ka-31 (1987)
    • Ka-35 (2015)
    • Ka-40 (1990)
    • Mil-Mi 2 (1949)
    • Mil Mi-4 (1952)
    Civilian ♆ WW1 US Shipping Board
    MORE !