HMS Eagle (1918)

United Kingdom - Aircraft Carrier
HMS Eagle underway in the 1930s

HMS Eagle was the fourth British aircraft carrier to enter service, after the Furious, Argus and Hermes, and a compromise. Taking a massive dreadnought to carry 25 planes would seems ludicrous to us today, but there were little options at the time, but scrapping the ship entirely, instead of taking advantage of an hole in the naval disarmament treaty of 1922. A dreadnought, even devoid of its main battery, was still a serious proposition as a warship, at a time aviation was seen merely as an auxiliary for the fleet, mainly used for spotting and possibly "harassing" small ships. Before the experiments of Mitchell, the idea of sinking a battleship with planes was not taken seriously by any admiralties.

So we need to see the HMS Eagle in the context of the time, almost as an hybrid that needed to fight for itself in case of close combat, something provided by its 6-in barbette guns and strong armor. As a result, like most early conversions, in particular from battleships, the Eagle was not a satisfying solution, being too cramped to bring a potent air group, and too slow to follow modern battlelines with 30 knots ships. In WW2 nevertheless, she operated in many places from 1939 to 1942: Indian Ocean, Western and Eastern Mediterranean, even thesouth Atlantic from the West African coast and the East African campaign. Her air groups claimed more than a dozen of ships, most of the military, badly damaging many others, including during the famous raid at Tarento. She was sunk in 1942 during the battle of Malta after delivering a hundred of Spitfires, sea Hurricanes and other planes to the besieged Island.

The Chilean Battleship turned Carrier

The Eagle was the result of those ships called upon at the top of the battleship era and in a climate of naval rivalry, caught up by the war, resulting of an amazing twist of fate afterwards. In 1910, Chile was the last of the three great naval rivals of South America to embark on the dreadnought race, after Brazil (with the Minas Gerais class) and Argentina with the Rivadavia class. One reason ws to wait for the budget, the other was to study both designs and answer with a superior one. Instead of sticking with the 12-in caliber, the Chilean admiralty, always very close to the Royal Navy chose to embrace the new caliber in development, 14-in (356 mm) for their Almirante Latorre class.

Long story short, both battleships were ordered on 29 July 1912 to British yards, and the second, called Almirante Cochrane, was laid down 20 February 1913 at Vickers Armstrong Whitworth yards. In August 1914, work had advanced well, but stalled completely. She was just month away to be launched, but decision was taken to requisition her sister, Almirante Latorre, to be completed instead and renamed HMS Canada. She would do a brillant career in the Royal Navy, including the battle of Jutland. After the war, she would be delivered back to Chile and stay active under this flag until the 1950s.

Almirante Latorre
Launch of the Latorre, 1915

Meanwhile Almirante Cochrane was left as she was, her hull complete but missing her side armour and still not ready to be launched. Materials and personal has been requisitioned for other more urgent completion and would stay busy in maintenance and other constructions for the years to come. By the fall of 1917, the transformation of HMS Furious and various experiments with British seaplane and aircraft carriers conducted the admiralty to be more open to other quick conversion proposals.


Brassey's design 1915. Impressive, contrary to the previous Brazilian and Argentinian ships she was considered a "super dreadnought", faster and better armed.

Director of Naval Construction immediately thought the Cochrane, still officially the property of Chile, would do a good platform for conversion, as she was large, roomy and advanced enough. He delivered a proposal to the admiralty, and an outline design was ready on 8 February 1918. The admiralty was indeed interested to test the innovative design and 20 days later, on 28 February 1918, the request to the government to purchase the hull from the Chileans has been accepted, as well as the conversion. The Cochrane passed under the supervision of the Royal Navy, unnamed and noght in commission at this point. After many revisions and delays, completion would be effective on 20 February 1924, six years later.

Design specifics of the conversion

The first design proposal of late 1917 by the Director of Naval Construction was indeed quite singular and striking: She would have been the first and only carrier fitted with two islands, one either side of the continuous flight deck. Both islands, 110 feet (33.5 m) long would have comprised two funnels and a tripod mast, and were staggered to confuse submarine captains and ships spotters over the ship's orientation. Both islands were connected with heavy bracing and the bridge mounted above, leaving 20 feet (6.1 m) of clearance above the flight deck. This intermediary space as defined was 68-foot (20.7 m) wide, with the aircraft lifted by the two elevators and assembled before taking off from there.

In addition as seaplanes were still important, a crane was fitted at the aft end of each island to operate these. To feed this air group, 15,000 imperial gallons (68,000 l; 18,000 US gal) were carried inside individual 2-imp. gallon tins stowed on the forecastle deck and under 1-in (25 mm) of armour plate protection. Two ready-use tanks near the islands were installed for quick refuelling of the planes. Armament was of course reduced to side sponsons, with guns under masks instead of barbettes, nine of the original 6-in guns plus four 4-in AA guns between the islands. The powerplant was left unchanged, but with increased quantities of fuel oil, coal still carried but also increased to 1,750 long tons (1,780 t) and 3,200 long tons (3,300 t) respectively.

In March 1918 however, there has been enough experience with turbulence and smoke on Furious from the pilots to decide to scrap the port Island. The ship would be more conventional, and the Island made slightly larger.

Trials on HMS Furious and pilots hearing went into reports, feeding the design staff on the Eagle, which recognised planes dangerously to turn to port when recovering from an aborted landing. This resulted in eliminating the port island altogether in April 1918. To cope with just one left, the remaining starboard island was made longer, at 130 feet (39.6 m) but it as also reduced in width by 15 feet (4.6 m). This minified air turbulence.


Prow of the HMS Eagle in the 1920s - Src: wrecksite.org

The island design was revised to include a more substantial bridge, the two truncated funnels and and enlarged single tripod mast which carried the fire-control directors. Admiral David Beatty, then Grand Fleet commander, insisted for the main armament to be increased to twelve 6-inch guns, notably one on deck, close to the island. He also insisted for eighteen torpedo tubesto be mounted in three triple fixed mounts per side. The idea was to prevent night German light cruisers attacks. At the same time, AA armament was limited to a single 4-inch gun placed on the island, between the funnels, a choice that radically reduced its arc. But David Beatty, in advance on the era on this point, believed the carrier's own fighters could do the job of defending the vessel against other planes. The revised blueprints were approved in June 1918. The design was later altered for protection: The 4.5-inch (114 mm) armour of the upper belt was lowered at waterline level. The barbettes for the former 14-inch guns were completely eliminated.

Launching and delays

HMS Eagle was eventually launched on 8 June 1918 without much fanfare. She was towed downriver, to the shipbuilder yard for fitting-out. This started ten days after, after all preparations has been made. This started by re-routing boiler uptakes. Next the 1.5-inch (38 mm) upper deck was modify to be used as the floor of the hangar deck. A new superstructure was erected above, running all the way but stopping short of the stern and prow. The flight deck which was built above had a 1-in thickness (25 mm). The thickness was more for better stiffness of the ship rather than protection per se. By November 1918, the war ended, and HMS Eagle was still nine months from completion.

As priorities changed, construction immediately slowed down to almost a halt, pending a decision of the admiralty, linked to the Government's own decision about her fate. Indeed, before requisition she had been paid by the Chilean Government (but refunded afterwards). As the war ended, so was the requisition and the ship should potentially return to her original owner. Construction of HMS Eagle was therefore completed suspended on 21 October 1919, when Chile made known by its ambassador the will of the Government to repurchase the ship.

This was assorted to the will to converted her back to her initial state, as a battleship. Politicians were not well aware of the technical consequences of this choice. Indeed soon, the yards evaluated the cost of such back conversion to £2.5 million, whereas the purchase as estimated to £1.5 million. This was of course too steep, and the Chileans retracted, after securing the return of HMS Canada as Almirante Latorre, still individually superior to the Rivadvia and Minas Gerais.

The ball was back to the Admiralty which decided to retain the ship and resume conversion. Soon, with adequate material and manpower, completion was nearly done and flying trials started. For the first time, the Royal Navy experimented with a ship with a proper island, and the trials results were eagerly awaited to proceed with other designs. Meanwhile the HMS Hermes, also with an island of a similar type, was in completion.

1919-20 Trials

HMS Eagle blueprint
HMS Eagle - original sketches conversion overview

Eventually, on 11 November 1919, after machinery trials were successful, the admiralty approved the ship. Armstrong Whitworth rushed completion to be paid, plating over the openings for the undelivered elevators (cancelled as not in conformity with the specifications), completed the rear funnel, plated over the forward funnel uptakes and removed the torpedo tubes, which could have been an issue for stability. She sailed to the Royal dockyard, Portsmouth for her last modifications and start her first official sea and air trials on 20 April 1920. She performed those sea trials which just two of her boilers, converted oi-burning only.

Afterwards, the first air trials started, under Captain Wilmot Nicholson's command (former Furious's captain) and RAF Group Captain Charles Samson. The longitudinal arresting gear already tested in HMS Argus was further tested in a modified form. Bythat time, its purpose was solely to prevent the landing aircraft from veering off to one side, falling off. Indeed planes of that generation were light enough to stop without aid, just by aiming at a good headwind. This arresting gear was about 170 feet (51.8 m) long. The first trials showed it was installed too far forward for comfort. It was therefore moved further back and lengthened. The final version was 320 feet (97.5 m) long.

on 10 May, taxiing trials started, with Sopwith Camel fighters. They were joined by a Parnall Panther reconnaissance aircraft. These tests were realized with the ship anchored. Flights were performed to test winds currents around the ship, from all directions, headings and altitudes. What worried all was the behaviour of planes close to the tall island. The first on-board landing was performed on 1 June 1920.

HMS Eagle in 1920 during her first trials
HMS Eagle in 1920 during her first trials - Src: Hazegray.org

Afterwards, HMS Eagle tested the Bristol F2B fighter, Sopwith Cuckoo (torpedo bomber), and De Havilland DH.9 bomber. Apart the Cuckoo, none was navalized. It was not required at that time. Tests were mostly successful. They were only 12 minor accidents in 143 landings, including in adverse weather. Reports shown however that the planes own landing gear needed shock absorbers to handle the impact, moreover on a pitching deck and harder angle.

Group Captain Samson for the first time recognise the need to "navalize" aircraft. He preferred the elimination of the island altogether, which was of course opposed by Nicholson and the admiralty, as it was needed to serve the onboard armament and command and control in general. However the captain recoignised the size and shape of the island were not optimal. He recommended a full fuel oil conversion, due to black smoke issues hampering pilot's vision, and stressed the removal of the 6-inch guns. They were to be traded for extra anti-aircraft guns, and elimination of the tripod mast needed for fire control. In this, he was not followed by the admiralty however. Thus, the HMS Eagle came out as a compromise.

HMS Eagle final design


HMS Eagle, modifications 1923-29 - drawing by Perkins. His art book of the RN, recoignition plates, now part of the British Warship Recognition – Volume II: Armoured Ships 1860-1895, Monitors and Aviation Ships. SRC

1921-24 reconstruction

HMS Eagle active service as a test ship ended on 16 November 1920. However she was not taken in hands for modifications, on a completely revised design, before 24 March 1921. This took place at the Portsmouth NyD.
The Admiralty choose to retain some suggestions from Nicholson, but scrap others. The island, first of, was heavily modified. In between, a mockup scale model was tested in a wind tunnel at the National Physical Laboratory.
The admiralty did not flinched over the 6-inch guns, which were retained. The forward edge of the flight deck was faired into bow, as the results of the wind testings. It allowed to smooth out air currents over the bow. Extra 4-inch AA guns were mounted on and around the island as suggested. New elevators were orders, while the forward one was shifted at the forward end of the hangar. To improve ASW protection also, anti-torpedo bulges were added. They ran 6 feet (1.8 m) deep. Petrol storage was modified, from tins to a single 8,100-imperial-gallon (37,000 l) tank. Thus, fuel capacity was increased to 3,000 long tons (3,000 t) and with the bulges added, filled with additional petrol, up to 3,750 long tons (3,810 t), with 500 long tons acting as ballast. This was mandatory to offset the weight of the island on starboard.


HMS Eagle, modifications 1923-29 - same source as above.

As completed in February 1924, HMS Eagle measured 667 feet 6 inches (203.5 m) overall, for 115 feet (35.1 m) in width (waterline) 26 feet 8 inches (8.1 m) of draft deeply loaded. Displacement was lower of course than the original battleship design, but still at 21,850 long tons (22,200 t) standard load.

The flight deck was 652 feet (198.7 m) long, the hangar below 400 feet (121.9 m) long. Its height was around 20 feet 6 inches (6.2 m). The forward elevator was 46 by 47 feet (14.0 m × 14.3 m), and the aft one 46 by 33 feet (14.0 m × 10.1 m). The arresting gear was further lengthened to 328 feet (100.0 m) long. To serve boats and recover planes was planed a large crane, with 60-foot (18.3 m) or traverse, right behind the island as initially planned in 1928.

Powerplant

Each of the ship's four sets of Brown-Curtis geared steam turbines drove one 3-bladed propeller.[17] They were powered by 32 Yarrow small-tube boilers. During her sea trials on 9–10 September 1923, the turbines produced 52,100 shaft horsepower (38,900 kW) and gave Eagle a speed of 24.37 knots (45.13 km/h; 28.04 mph), but this caused leaks in the turbine joints and she was limited to a maximum of 50,000 shaft horsepower (37,000 kW) in service. She had a range of 4,800 nautical miles (8,900 km; 5,500 mi) at 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph).[18]

Protection

Blueprint of HMS Eagle in 1924 as completed
Blueprint of HMS Eagle in 1924 as completed

The protection was no longer to battleship standard, but nevertheless, in addition to ASW ballasts, which stored oil and were used to compensate for the island weight offset, the waterline belt was 4.5 in (114 mm) in thickness, and the main protective deck: 1–1.5 in (25–38 mm), the latter figure over the magazines and engine rooms. With a hangar, this means a shell had more levels to cross. Bulkheads were not forgotten and were 4 in (102 mm) thick. Hangar protection included four steel shutter fire curtains to isolate any fires in the hangar.

Armament

Blueprint of HMS Eagle in 1942
Blueprint of HMS Eagle in 1942

The final armament of the Eagle still comprised nine 6-inch (152 mm) guns, completed by five 4-inch (102 mm) Mk V anti-aircraft guns. The former were the standard-issue BL Mk XVII 6-inch gun. Three were posted at the stern, one in the axis and the two others in échelon behind, and the six others went along the broadsides in sponsons. Each was supplied with 200 rounds and was protected by a standard-issue light cruiser gun shield, cast and rounded.

The 4-inch (102 mm) Mk V AA guns were another staple of British light artillery, with a lineage going back from 1914 up to 1945. They were developed to provided a higher rate of fire than the BL 4 inch Mk VII. At first these were used only for anti-shipping role, and inaugurated by the Arethusa class cruisers, but soon a high-angle mount was tested, and fitted, to procure the gun a anti-aircraft role. In that guise, the Mk V had a practical ceiling of 28,750 ft (8,800 m). Muzzle velocity was 2,350 ft/s for the 31 lb (14.1 kg) fixed QF HE round, with promixity fuse in WW2. The gun elevation was 80° but loading was limited to 62°, which slowed down the rate of fire.

Aviation

Blackburn Dart
Blackburn Dart, of the 1920s air group, No. 460 Flight.

HMS Eagle aircraft capacity was 25 to 30 planes, depending on their size. In 1939 the crew comprised 41 officers and 750 men, while the air group added 160-200 more personal.
HMS Eagle air group was rather small but comprised a classic trio at first in 1924: Fairey Flycatchers fighters, Blackburn Blackburn (reconnaissance), Supermarine Seagull flying boats (for recce, arty spotting and liaison) and Blackburn Dart torpedo bombers. From 1925, the Seagull were retired and replaced by land-based Fairey IIIDs from January 1925. Later that year, she carried Avro Bison spotters.

From 1934, the air group would comprise 9 Hawker Osprey fighters and 12 Fairey IIIFs, later replaced by the Blackburn Baffin. In 1937 they were all replaced by a single type air group, nine Fairey Swordfish torpedo bombers and nine more Swordfish of two squadrons. In 1939-40 she carried Gloster Sea Gladiators in crates to be disembarked, but there is no evidence she flew some. She was still equipped only with Swordfish TBs. However in early 1941 she did carried nine Fairey Fulmars, five Sea Gladiators and six Swordfish. In 1942 she would carry for Malta 17 Spitfires and six Fairey Albacore, but retained four Sea Hurricanes, which replaced the obsolete sea gladiators. In addition to those, for her last mission to Malta she carried a total of 31 Spitfires. Later, when she was struck by a submarine, she carried 16 Sea Hurricanes (Sqn 801 & 813) plus four reserve aircraft.

HMS Eagle in action

HMS Eagle operated with the fleet mostly in secondary theatres of operation, where her speed did not matter much. So she never operated with the Grand fleet at Scapa flow, but alternated between the Mediterranean and East Asia stations and was the objects of at least three refits until 1942. Her loss during Operation Pedestal was attributed not to a single, but four submarine torpedoes, proving her ASW protection, designed in 1920 and perhaps still relevant, was unable to cope with such devastation.

The interwar years

HMS Eagle on the Mediterranean Squadron



HMS Eagle was commissioned on 26 February, and after some crash courses and training, her first assignation was the Mediterranean squadron, on 7 June 1924. As such, by tonnage, she was the largest aircraft carrier in the world, despite the fact her air group only comprised 24 aircraft. They were split into four flights of 6 Fleet Air Arm aircraft. The first to operate on board were the No. 402 (Fairey Flycatchers) No. 422 (Blackburn Blackburn) No. 440 Flight (Supermarine Seagull) and No. 460 (Blackburn Dart).

However she did not operated all four simultaneously. One usually operated from Hal Far in Malta, or Aboukir in Egypt. The Seagulls proved rapidly an hindrance in service. They were replaced by land-carriage Fairey IIIDs from January 1925. HMS returned home at the fall of 1925 in Devonport, for a brief refit. As reported by pilots, the longitudinal arresting gear was removed. Also for AA defence, two single QF 2-pounder AA guns were added close to the 4-inch on the flight, forward of the island. Also petrol tanks were modified, raising the capacity to 14,190 imperial gallons.

Fairey Flycatcher, over the eagle
Fairey Flycatcher over the Eagle, late 1920s

Eagle was back in the Med by 1926, carrying No. 422 Flight Bison spotter aircraft. In 1928 HMS Courageous joined the squadron. Both experimented common operations. Eagle 1929 refit consisted in the addition of a salt-water spray system in order to deal rapidly with hangar fires. By June 1929, she rescued Major Ramón Franco and his crew (brother Francisco Franco) which Dornier Do J Wal ("Whale") Numancia was stranded in the North Atlantic due to fuel exhaustion why attempting a global voyage.

Both 440 and 448 Flights of HMS Eagle (Bison) received Fairey IIIF recce aircraft. From 8 January 1931 she departed from Malta to Portsmouth and loaded a provision of the latest FAA aicraft for a marketing operation at the British Industries Exhibition at Buenos Aires. She was back to participate in the summer fleet exercises, and sailed again to Portsmouth, arriving in August 1931 for her first great refit since years, in drydock.

1931-32 Refit

Her boilers were replaced, and to combat fire, four foam generators were installed to spray the deck. Armament wise, the 4-inch gun between the funnels was eliminated. In its place an octuple QF 2-pounder Mark V pom-pom was installed, and a quadruple Vickers .50 mount on the starboard aft side. For aviation, an High Angle Control System director was installed on the tripod, aft of the control room. Accommodations were also improved for the crew. This work was nearly complete on 28 November 1932, but due to labor strikes, went on until April 1933.

1934-35 China Station

After this refit it was decided to send HMS Eagle to the Far East, joining the China Station. From 1934, her air group was frequently deployed against pirates, also spotting and discovering their bases. It was discovered that tropical heat was an issue for the bomb magazines. Also the food storage rooms suffered, and a part of its payload had to be bailed out before adequate ventilation measures were taken.

During a short 1934 refit at Hong Kong, a new quad .50 MG mount was installed forward of the 2-Pdr mount, which was shifted further to port. She operated nine Hawker Osprey fighters (803 Squadron) plus 12 Fairey IIIFs (824 Squadron), so 21 in all. Sqn 803 Squadron was later transferred to HMS Hermes and by Blackburn Baffin torpedo bombers (812 Sqn) arrived when Eagle left the east asia Sqn for the Mediterranean. She arrived in February 1935 and landed her sqn at RAF Hal Far before sailing back to Devonport for her second great refit in service.

hms eagle maritimequest
HMS Eagle by Phil Heydon - Src maritimequest.com

1936 Refit

In drydock, HMS Eagle was paid off an decommissioned for the work to take place. The refit started in January 1936 and was achieved by mid-1937. First off, thanks to other pilot's reports, a standard transverse arresting gear was installed. AA-wide, a second octuple 40 mm replaced the older 2-pdr single models installed forward of the island. Two more quad Vickers .50 MGs mounts were also installed in sponsons close to the bow for a greater arc of fire. The bomb magazines was enlarged as modern planes could carry a double payload. At last, the ship's ventilation and insulation was entirely revised and greatly improved to cope with tropical conditions.

1937-39 China Station

Thanks to this, she sailed again, under her new captain Clement Moody for the Far East in 1937. By that time, 813 Sqn arrived on board, with nine Fairey Swordfish TBs, completed by nine others (824 Squadron) destined for HMS Hermes. Captain A. R. M. Bridge took command of the British aircraft carrier from 16 June 1939. In August her crew landed in Hong Kong, she carried another before sailing to Singapore for a short refit. She was caught was by the war breaking out soon after.

Stern view of HMS Eagle
Stern view of HMS Eagle (unknown origin, from Flickr)

1939-40 Indian Ocean Operations

When the war broke out, HMS Eagle was in Singapore, her short refit just completed. Her first wartime mission was to searching for German merchant ships, operating with the light cruiser HMS Birmingham and the destroyer HMS Daring. Her Swordfish planes spotted the freighter SS Franken south of Padang (Sumatra). Birmingham scrambled to intercept her. HMS Eagle stopped at Colombo, Ceylon, on 10 September, and departed for more patrols until 5 October in the Indian Ocean. Her area of operations stretched from the west coast of India to the Maldive Islands. HMS Liverpool replaced the Birmingham. Later, she became the center of Force I, now including the heavy cruisers Cornwall and Dorsetshire. Their mission was to spot and catch the pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee and German commerce raiders. She then headed for Durban (South Africa) in December for a short refit, to clean up her boilers and scrap her bottom in drydock while the crew enjoyed Christmas and the new year in Durban.


Bow of HMS Eagle (Src Pinterest)

Indian Ocean patrols resumed in early 1940. She was detached to escort a large Australian troop convoy passing by and bound to Suez. As she operated off Nicobar Islands on 14 March, one of her heavy bombs accidentally exploded. This event cost the crew 14 and many more injured while the damage, also confined to the bomb magazines, also cost two generators while one Swordfish stowed in the hangar catch fire and the remainder of the aircraft in the hangar were were doused by salt water and sustained more damage due to corrosion. Eagle halted at Singapore between 15 March and 9 May 1940. She then departed for Colombo and the Mediterranean.

1940 Mediterranean Operations



HMS Eagle arrived on 26 May 1940 and the newt month, she embarked three crated Gloster Sea Gladiators stored in Dekheila. These became her only fighters to cover for the entire Eastern Mediterranean fleet. One of her squadrons, 813, attacked from land bases Tobruk, inflicting serious damage to Italian troops and ships here. He Swordfish and bombers sank the destroyer Zeffior, badly damaged the Euro and sank the freighter SS Manzoni and badly damaged two others. These were crippling blows for the Regia Marina and the Afrika Korps.

Later she took part on 9 July to the Battle of Calabria. 803 Sqn shadowed the Italian fleet, while 813 Sqn attacked the cruisers, but failed to score a hit. On 10 July 1940, her Swordfish attacked Augusta harbour (Sicily) sinking the destroyer Leone Pancaldo. On 13 July, her own fighter Sqn short down three attacking Italian bombers. During the night of 20-21 July, 824 Squadron took off from Sidi Barrani ad attacked again escorting Italian vessels at anchor. They sank destroyers Nembo and Ostro as well as the freighter SS Sereno and on 29 July, her Fighter Sqn shot down another Italian bomber while escorting a convoy to Greece.

swordfish 824 Sqn
Fairey Swordfish of HMS Eagle. The obsolete plane became one of the most successful carrier-borne attack aircraft of WW2, close to the USN Douglas Dauntless by the total damage it inflicted. HMS Eagle squadrons would claim a dozen of ships.

On 22 August 1940, three planes from 824 Squadron sank the Italian submarine Iride and the depot ship Monte Gargano, in the Gulf of Bomba near Tobruk. What was not known at the time, was these ships carried eight frogmen and four manned torpedoes bound to attack Alexandria harbour. Needless to say, this saved Alexandria (for now). In September 1940 the battle-weary Eagle was reinforced by the carrier HMS Illustrious. They attacked soon after Italian airbases on Rhodes, starting on 9 September. Eagle deployed 12 Swordfish devastated Maritza airfield a bit late after the attack at Collato and four of her planes were were shot down Fiat CR.32 & CR.42 fighters. For these losses, they claimed two SM.79s TBs and four other damaged, disappointing compared to previous attacks. This was a lesson for the staff that coordination and timing were of the utmost importance.


HMS Eagle colorized by Irootoko JR.

Perhaps this was time for retribution. Indeed as she was covering a convoy bound to Malta on 12 October, SM.79s based in Sicily attacked her. They near-missed, but badly damaged the aviation fuel system. Her aircraft attacked the Maltezana seaplane base (Rhodes) on 27 October while four of her Swordfish (824 Sqn) previously disembarked took off from Fuka airfield for a night attack on Tobruk. Basically all 824 Squadron planes attracted the defences by bombing the area, leaving the entrance free to be mined by the 12 other Swordfish deployed. On 28 October, the Mediterranean Fleet departed to the west coast of Greece, hoping to catch the Regia Marina in case they departed but this never happened.

On 5 November, HMS Eagle was in drydock for a short maintenance. Its when the damage previously done to her aviation fuel system was discovered. Leaking could have been disastrous if a fire has broke off. Thise required extensive repairs and meanwhile, one of her Sqn was transferred to HMS Illustrious. They will be put to good use: An attack, the famous attack that took place on 11 November on Taranto, called Operation Judgement. Crucially, that attack cost the Italian fleet its best advanced position in the Mediterranean, in addition to crippling damage to her main battle fleet, and confirmed back in Japan a certain admiral Yamamoto about the chances of success of such operations in a war scenario with the US. This cost Eagle's quadron one of her Swordfish, shot down by the considerable Italian AA barrage this night.

For the remaining of the month HMS Eagle was Alexandria. Until December, she departed to cover convoys to Greece and Malta and her Sqn bombed Tripoli during the night of 24/25 November. In December 1940 Eagle was back in Alexandria, and the crew enjoyed the leave until the new year. Her aircraft took on many more mission from land bases, notably providing spotting artillery corrections to the battleships Warspite and Barham at Bardia on 2 January 1941.

Gloster Sea Gladiator
Gloster Sea Gladiator Mk I named "Faith" (serial number N5520), one of the (alleged) three based in Malta, charged about its defense in September 1940. This fighter has been refitted with a Bristol Mercury XV engine and three-blade Hamilton Standard variable-pitch propeller. In reality the story was embellished by the press, and the Hal Far Fighter Flight group, coming from HMS Glorious, originally comprised 18 Sea Gladiators from 802 Naval Air Squadron. There was a confusion with the three Sea Gladiators on board HMS Eagle which indeed assumed the air cover for the entire eastern Mediterranean fleet. From January 1941, the situation was not brilliant as there were still only five on board for the same tasks, with a menacing and growing Luftwaffe.

Fairey Fulmar Mark I
Fairey Fulmar Mark I

1941 Indian, East African & South Atlantic Operations

By mid-January, HMS Eagle departed again, this time covering a convoy to Greece. Bad weather prevented attack on nearby bases. Back to Alexandria, her aircraft group was altered.She received, at the great relief of the staff, additional sea gladiator fighters. Indeed HMS Eagle still provided fighter cover for the entire eastern Mediterranean fleet. Indeed by that time, HMS Illustrious has been badly damaged by German dive bombers on 11 January and was in repairs. One of the Swordfish squadrons was landed to make room for the new fighters. HMS Eagle then departed to cover another convoy to Malta in mid-February. By that time her air group comprised nine Fairey Fulmars (805 Sqn), five Sea Gladiators fighters, and six Swordfish.

HMS Formidable eventually joined the Alexandria squadron, starting by relieving Illustrious on 9 March. At this occasion the staff wanted Eagle to cross the Suez Canal to lead a squadron in the Indian Ocean to hunt down German commerce raiders, but this was cancelled. Meanwhile her two Swordfish squadrons has been transferred to Port Sudan, attacking the port of Massawa, as part of the East African campaign from 25 March. After their mission was a success, they went back to the Eagle on 13 April, as the latter passed the Suez Canal to Mombasa, Kenya, arriving on 26 April. Three days later, she proceeded to patrol the Indian Ocean. On 1 May she was ordered to join Durban (South Africa). There, she met the battleship Nelson and both proceeded to sail to Gibraltar via the west coast of Africa, making a stop at Freetown (Sierra Leone) to refuel. At this occasion her captain was relieved and replaced by E. G. H. Rushbrooke. HMS Eagle received orders and she was detached to search for U-Boat supply ships in the South Atlantic.

The mission started on 29 May, in company of the heavy cruiser HMS Dorsetshire or light cruiser HMS Dunedin. On 6 June, her Swordfish spotted, attacked and sank the Elbe, while the oil tanker Lothringen was also attacked, immobilised, and later captured on 15 June. In September there was an accidental hangar fire, fatally burning an aircraft mechanic while the four Swordfish in the vicinity were damaged by sea water spray.

By October, HMS Eagle sailed back to UK for a well-deserved refit. She arrived at Gladstone Dock in Liverpool and departed for Greenock, arriving on 26 October. She was in the dockyard, decommissioned on 1 November 1941, whereas her crew was given an equally well-deserved leave. The first phase of this refit consisting in improving the AA defense, with the quadruple heavy Vickers machine guns replaced by twelve single satndard 20 mm Oerlikon light AA guns. They were placed in brand new sponsons, six either side of the flight deck. The 4-in AA guns shield were lined with zarebas to avoid splinters.

Control: The HACS fire control was moved forward of the control top, a Type 285 gunnery radar was added as well as a Type 290 air warning radar. Oil fuel capacity was reduced (2,990 tons) to ake room for petrol, up to 3,000 imperial gallons, but this cost her range to fall to 2,780 nautical miles at 17 knots. Of course also the hull was comprehensively cleaned up, as the boilers and tanks, she receive new paint, and comprehensive supplies were bring up to level.

1942 Battle of Malta

On 9 January 1942 she emerged from the dockyard anew, and proceeded to re-commissioning five weeks of training. When done, she was ordered to proceed to meet the convoy WS16 en route to Gibraltar, around 22 February 1942. Se carried for the occasion two newly formed squadrons, 813 and 824. To this all-Swordfish force a complement of four Sea Hurricane 1B fighters (part of 804 Squadron and 813 Squadron). This early type did not have folding wings and stayed on the deck at all times, which was also an advantage to scramble if needed. HMS Eagle arrived at Gibraltar on 23 February, joining Force H.


Hawker Sea Hurricane Mk.1B

824 Squadron was immediately transferred to RAF North Front and in addition, Eagle gathered 15 crated Supermarine Spitfire fighters brought by the HMS Argus. They were partly assembled at the doc and then moved aboard for final assembly, remaining on the flight deck, until completed and were flown off. On 27 February HMS Eagle she was tasked to deliver these to the soon to be besieged strategic Island of Malta.

Her task force was to comprised the battleship Malaya, the carrier Argus and the cruiser Hermione plus nine destroyers, but the whole operation was cancelled. Indeed the Spitfires' tanks caused troubles and they could not fly. It took until 7 March, to solve this, and they will ultimately made it to Malta. Back to Gibraltar, the worn out engines of HMS Eagle needed intensive care. This lasted until 13 March, and she departed again to deliver nine more Spitfires by 21 March, seven more on 29 March. Back to Gibraltar, the steering gear was now under repairs.

April lasted without notable events, but in May, HMS Eagle was mobilized for Operation Bowery. She was to sail and met during the night of 7/8 May with the American carrier USS Wasp which carried 47 Spitfires bound to Malta. HMS Eagle had no more air group, making room for 17 new Spitfires. The operation was a success and Malta saw sixty new Spitfires delivered.

On 17 May, HMS Eagle was mobilized for another operations, but this time carrying her air group of Swordfish and Sea Hurricanes (813 Squadron), which added to 17 Spitfires and six Fairey Albacore, also destined for Malta. The Operation was a mixed success as the fighters reached Malta but the Albacores had engines problems and were forced back. Just as they landed on HMS Eagle, the radar picked up a flight of around six Italian SM.79 torpedo bombers. They attacked low, avoiding AA fire, and successfully launched their torpedoes, but failed to hit the Eagle. HMS Charybdis however created such as wall of fire that a second attack did not took place.


HMS Eagle escorted by the battleship Malaya during Operation Spotter to Malta, 7 March 1942.

HMS Eagle eventually had all her aircraft, four Sea Hurricanes landed back home to carry 31 Spitfires. On 3 June they were flown off to Malta during Operation Style.
32 more were delivered the same way on 9 June (Operation Salient). She also covered the convoy during Operation Harpoon, taking place at the same time as Operation Vigorous.

She carrid for this 12 Sea Hurricanes (801 Sqn), four Fulmars (807 Sqn) and four Sea Hurricanes (813). Intensive Italo-German air attacks were expected and indeed the Sea Hurricanes during this operations claimed nine aircraft down, two probable, for one loss plus three Fulmars. The mission was a half-success, and Eagle was back to Gibraltar on 17 June. Her next mission to Malta tool plane on 14 July, delivering 32 Spitfires (Operation Pinpoint). Her air group was down to six Sea Hurricane. She would deliver later 29 Spitfires and four Swordfish (824 Sqn) on 21 July, and she fend off a torpedo attack by the Italian submarine Dandolo. This could have been a warning.

Operation Pedestal saw HMS Eagle actively participating with the Victorious and Indomitable, carrying for her own defense 16 Sea Hurricanes (801, 813 Sqn) plus 4 reserve. However on 11 August in the afternoon she has been ambushed by U-73 (commander Helmut Rosenbaum), a Type VIIB. The U-Boat took no chances and fired all four torpedoes from its bow tubes. The ASW compartmentation and ballasts were designed back in 1919 and has not been designed to support the explosive power of four modern torpedoes. As a result, water rushed into the ship's belly, which filled in four minutes. Thus happened 70 nautical miles south of Cape Salinas. The wreck was found years later. By sinking, Eagle carried with her 131 officers and sailors. Most of the victims were in the ship's lower level, the machinery area. The destroyers HMS Laforey and Lookout rescued the remaining 67 officers and 862 sailors stranded in the water.



HMS Eagle (1924)

Dimensions203.5 x 35.1 m x 8.1 m (667 x 115 x 26 ft)
Displacement21,850 long tons standard, ? long tons FL
Crew791
Propulsion4 shafts Parsons geared steam turbines, 24 Yarrow WT boilers
Speed24 knots (44 km/h; 28 mph)
ArmorBelt: 4.5 in (114 mm), Deck: 1–1.5 in (25–38 mm), Bulkheads: 4 in (102 mm)
Armament9 × 6-in (152 mm), 5 × 4-in (102 mm) Mk V AA
AviationVariable over time: 30 1924, 25 1942


HMS Eagle in 1942
Author's profile of the Eagle in 1942

Links - Read More

R.Gardiner Conway's all the world's fighting ships 1906-1921
Brown, David (1973). HMS Eagle. Warship Profile.
Brook, Peter (1999). Warships for Export: Armstrong Warships 1867–1927.
Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record
Crabb, Brian James (2014). Operation Pedestal. The Story of Convoy WS21S in August 1942.
Friedman, Norman (1988). British Carrier Aviation: The Evolution of the Ships and Their Aircraft.
Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships: 1906–1921.
Nailer, Roger (1990). "Aircraft to Malta". In Gardiner, Robert (ed.). Warship 1990.
Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two (Third Rev ed.).
Smith, Peter C. (1995). Eagle's War: War Diary of an Aircraft Carrier.
Sturtivant, Ray (1984). The Squadrons of the Fleet Air Arm.
google books - British CVs design, development and service ww2
Gallery on maritimequest.com
Survivor recollections at iwm.org.uk
//ww2db.com/ship_spec.php?ship_id=148
//uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/3255.html
//dreadnoughtproject.org/tfs/index.php/H.M.S._Eagle_(1918)
//againstallodds.fandom.com/wiki/HMS_Eagle_(1918)
//thomo.coldie.net/tag/ww1/
//www.worldnavalships.com/hms_eagle.htm
The models corner: HMS Eagle
HP-Models waterline H.M.S. Eagle 1942
Surface Action HMS EAGLE #9 rare War at Sea miniature

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❢ Abbreviations & acronyms
    AAAnti-Aircraft
    AAW// warfare
    AASAmphibious Assault Ship
    AdmAdmiral
    AEWAirbone early warning
    AGAir Group
    AFVArmored Fighting Vehicle
    AMGBarmoured motor gunboat
    APArmor Piercing
    APCArmored Personal Carrier
    ASAntisubmarine
    ASMAir-to-surface Missile
    ASMDAnti Ship Missile Defence
    ASROCASW Rockets
    ASWAnti Submarine Warfare
    ASWRLASW Rocket Launcher
    ATWahead thrown weapon
    avgasAviation Gasoline
    awAbove Waterline
    AWACSAirborne warning & control system
    BBBattleship
    bhpbrake horsepower
    BLBreach-loader (gun)
    BLRBreach-loading, Rifled (gun)
    BUBroken Up
    ccirca
    CAArmoured/Heavy cruiser
    Capt.Captain
    CalCaliber or ".php"
    CGMissile Cruiser
    CICCombat Information Center
    C-in-CCommander in Chief
    CIWSClose-in weapon system
    CECompound Expansion (engine)
    ChChantiers ("Yard", FR)
    CLCruiser, Light
    cmcentimeter(s)
    CMBCoastal Motor Boat
    CMSCoastal Minesweeper
    CNOChief of Naval Operations
    CpCompound (armor)
    CoCompany
    COBCompound Overhad Beam
    CODAGCombined Diesel & Gas
    CODOGCombined Diesel/Gas
    COGAGCombined Gas and Gas
    COGOGCombined Gas/Gas
    commcommissioned
    compcompleted
    convconverted
    convlconventional
    COSAGCombined Steam & Gas
    CRCompound Reciprocating
    CRCRSame, connecting rod
    CruDivCruiser Division
    CPControlled Pitch
    CTConning Tower
    CTLconstructive total loss
    CTOLConv. Take off & landing
    CTpCompound Trunk
    cucubic
    CylCylinder(s)
    CVAircraft Carrier
    CVA// Attack
    CVE// Escort
    CVL// Light
    CVS// ASW support
    cwtHundredweight
    DADirect Action
    DASHDrone ASW Helicopter
    DCDepht Charge
    DCT// Track
    DCR// Rack
    DCT// Thrower
    DDDestroyer/drydock
    DEDouble Expansion
    DEDestroyer Escort
    DDE// Converted
    DesRonDestroyer Squadron
    DFDouble Flux
    D/FDirection(finding)
    DPDual Purpose
    DUKWAmphibious truck
    DyDDockyard
    EOCElswick Ordnance Co.
    ECMElectronic Warfare
    ESMElectronic support measure
    FFarenheit
    FCSFire Control System
    FFFrigate
    fpsFeet Per Second
    ftFeets
    FYFiscal Year
    galgallons
    GMMetacentric Height
    GPMGGeneral Purpose Machine-gun
    GRPFiberglass
    GRTGross Tonnage
    GUPPYGreater Underwater Prop.Pow.
    HAHigh Angle
    HCHorizontal Compound
    HCR// Reciprocating
    HCDA// Direct Acting
    HCDCR// connecting rod
    HDA// direct acting
    HDAC// acting compound
    HDAG// acting geared
    HDAR// acting reciprocating
    HDMLHarbor def. Motor Launch
    H/FHigh Frequency
    HF/DF// Directional Finding
    HMSHer Majesty Ship
    HNHarvey Nickel
    HNCHorizontal non-condensing hp
    HPHigh Pressure
    hphorizontal
    HQHeadquarter
    HRHorizontal reciprocating
    HRCR// connecting rod
    HSHarbor Service
    HS(E)Horizontal single (expansion)
    HSET// trunk
    HTHorizontal trunk
    HTE// expansion
    ICInverted Compound
    IDAInverted direct acting
    IFFIdentification Friend or Foe
    ihpindicated horsepower
    IMFInshore Minesweeper
    inInche(s)
    ircironclad
    KCKrupp, cemented
    kgKilogram
    KNC// non cemented
    kmKilometer
    kt(s)Knot(s)
    kwkilowatt
    ibpound(s)
    LALow Angle
    LCLanding Craft
    LCA// Assault
    LCAC// Air Cushion
    LFC// Flak (AA)
    LCG// Gunboat
    LCG(L)/// Large
    LCG(M)/// Medium
    LCG(S)/// Small
    LCI// Infantry
    LCM// Mechanized
    LCP// Personel
    LCP(R)/// Rocket
    LCS// Support
    LCT// Tanks
    LCV// Vehicles
    LCVP/// Personal
    LCU// Utility
    locolocomotive (boiler)
    LSCLanding ship, support
    LSD// Dock
    LSF// Fighter (direction)
    LSM// Medium
    LSS// Stern chute
    LST// Tank
    LSV// Vehicle
    LPlow pressure
    lwllenght waterline
    mmetre(s)
    MModel
    MA/SBmotor AS boat
    maxmaximum
    MGMachine Gun
    MGBMotor Gunboat
    MLSMinelayer/Sweeper
    MLMotor Launch
    MMSMotor Minesweper
    MTMilitary Transport
    MTBMotor Torpedo Boat
    HMGHeavy Machine Gun
    MCM(V)Mine countermeasure Vessel
    minminute(s)
    MkMark
    MLMuzzle loading
    MLR// rifled
    MSOOcean Minesweeper
    mmmillimetre
    NCnon condensing
    nhpnominal horsepower
    nmNautical miles
    Number
    NBC/ABCNuc. Bact. Nuclear
    NSNickel steel
    NTDSNav.Tactical Def.System
    NyDNaval Yard
    oaOverall
    OPVOffshore Patrol Vessel
    PCPatrol Craft
    PDMSPoint Defence Missile System
    pdrpounder
    ppperpendicular
    psipounds per square inch
    PVDSPropelled variable-depth sonar
    QFQuick Fire
    QFC// converted
    RAdmRear Admiral
    RCRadio-control/led
    RCRreturn connecting rod
    recRectangular
    revRevolver
    RFRapid Fire
    RPCRemote Control
    rpgRound per gun
    SAMSurface to air Missile
    SARSearch Air Rescue
    sbSmoothbore
    SBShip Builder
    SCSub-chaser (hunter)
    SSBNBallistic Missile sub.Nuclear
    SESimple Expansion
    SET// trunk
    SGSteeple-geared
    shpShaft horsepower
    SHsimple horizontal
    SOSUSSound Surv. System
    SPRsimple pressure horiz.
    sqsquare
    SSSubmarine (Conv.)
    SSMSurface-surface Missile
    subsubmerged
    sfsteam frigate
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    spfsteam paddle frigate
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    tton, long (short in bracket)
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    TBTorpedo Boat
    TBD// destroyer
    TCTorpedo carriage
    TETriple expansion
    TER// reciprocating
    TFTask Force
    TGBTorpedo gunboat
    TGTask Group
    TLTorpedo launcher
    TLC// carriage
    TNTTrinitroluene
    TSTraining Ship
    TTTorpedo Tube
    UDTUnderwater Demolition Team
    UHFUltra High Frequency
    VadmVice Admiral
    VCVertical compound
    VCE// expansion
    VDE/ double expansion
    VDSVariable Depth Sonar
    VIC/ inverted compound
    VLFVery Low Frequency
    VQL/ quadruple expansion
    VSTOLVertical/short take off/landing
    VTE/ triple expansion
    VTOLVertical take off/landing
    VSE/ Simple Expansion
    wksWorks
    wlwaterline
    WTWireless Telegraphy
    xnumber of
    YdYard
    Organizations
    GIUKGreenland-Iceland-UK
    BuShipsBureau of Ships
    DBMGerman Navy League
    GBGreat Britain
    DNCDirectorate of Naval Construction
    EEZExclusive Economic Zone
    FAAFleet Air Arm
    FNFLFree French Navy
    JMSDFJap.Mar.Self-Def.Force
    MDAPMutual Def.Assistance Prog.
    MSAMaritime Safety Agency
    NATO
    RAFRoyal Air Force
    RANRoyal Australian Navy
    RCNRoyal Canadian Navy
    R&DResearch & Development
    RNRoyal Navy
    RNZNRoyal New Zealand Navy
    ussrUnion of Socialist Republics
    UE/EECEuropean Union/Comunity
    UNUnited Nations Org.
    USNUnited States Navy
    WaPacWarsaw Pact

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Austro-Hungarian Navy 1870 K.u.K. Kriegsmarine
Danish Navy 1870 Dansk Marine
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Hellenic Navy 1870 Nautiko Hellenon
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Koninklije Marine 1870 Koninklije Marine 1870
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Turkish Ottoman navy 1870 Osmanlı Donanması
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Portuguese Navy 1870 Marinha do Portugal
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Russian mperial Navy 1870 Russkiy Flot 1870
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Swedish Navy 1870 Svenska marinen
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  • Alaska class sloops (1868)
  • Galena class sloops (1873)
  • Enterprise class sloops (1874)
  • Alert class sloops (1873)
  • Alarm torpedo ram (1873)
  • Intrepid torpedo ram (1874)

⚑ 1890 Fleets

Argentinian Navy 1898 Armada de Argentina
  • Parana class (1873)
  • La Plata class (1875)
  • Pilcomayo class (1875)
  • Ferre class (1880)
Austro-Hungarian Navy 1898 K.u.K. Kriegsmarine
  • Custoza (1872)
  • Erzherzog Albrecht (1872)
  • Kaiser (1871)
  • Kaiser Max class (1875)
  • Tegetthoff (1878)

  • Radetzky(ii) class (1872)
  • SMS Donau(ii) (1874)
  • SMS Donau(iii) (1893)

  • Erzherzog Friedrich class (1878)
  • Saida (1878)
  • Fasana (1870)
  • Aurora class (1873)
Chinese Imperial Navy 1898 Imperial Chinese Navy
  • Hai An class frigates (1872)
Danish Navy 1898 Dansk Marine
  • Tordenskjold (1880)
  • Iver Hvitfeldt (1886)
  • Skjold (1896)
  • Cruiser Fyen (1882)
  • Cruiser Valkyrien (1888)
Hellenic Navy 1898 Nautiko Hellenon
  • Spetsai class (1889)
  • Nauarchos Miaoulis (1889)
  • Greek Torpedo Boats (1881-85)
  • Greek Gunboats (1861-84)
Haitian Navy 1914Marine Haitienne
  • Gunboat St Michael (1970)
  • Gunboat "1804" (1875)
  • Gunboat Dessalines (1883)
  • Gunboat Toussaint Louverture (1886)
Koninklije Marine 1898 Koninklije Marine
  • Konigin der Netherland (1874)
  • Draak, monitor (1877)
  • Matador, monitor (1878)
  • R. Claeszen, monitor (1891)
  • Evertsen class CDS (1894)
  • Atjeh class cruisers (1876)
  • Cruiser Sumatra (1890)
  • Cruiser K.W. Der. Neth (1892)
  • Banda class Gunboats (1872)
  • Pontania class Gunboats (1873)
  • Gunboat Aruba (1873)
  • Hydra Gunboat class (1873)
  • Batavia class Gunboats (1877)
  • Wodan Gunboat class (1877)
  • Ceram class Gunboats (1887)
  • Combok class Gunboats (1891)
  • Borneo Gunboat (1892)
  • Nias class Gunboats (1895)
  • Koetei class Gunboats (1898)
  • Dutch sloops (1864-85)
Marine Française 1898 Marine Nationale ☍ See the Page
  • Friedland CT Battery ship (1873)
  • Richelieu CT Battery ship (1873)
  • Colbert class CT Battery ships (1875)
  • Redoutable CT Battery ship (1876)
  • Courbet class CT Battery ships (1879)
  • Amiral Duperre barbette ship (1879)
  • Terrible class barbette ships (1883)
  • Amiral Baudin class barbette ships (1883)
  • Barbette ship Hoche (1886)
  • Marceau class barbette ships (1888)

  • Cerbere class Arm.Ram (1870)
  • Tonnerre class Br.Monitors (1875)
  • Tempete class Br.Monitors (1876)
  • Tonnant ironclad (1880)
  • Furieux ironclad (1883)
  • Fusee class Arm.Gunboats (1885)
  • Acheron class Arm.Gunboats (1885)
  • Jemmapes class (1892)
  • Bouvines class (1892)

  • La Galissonière Cent. Bat. Ironclads (1872)
  • Bayard class barbette ships (1879)
  • Vauban class barbette ships (1882)
  • Prot. Cruiser Sfax (1884)
  • Prot. Cruiser Tage (1886)
  • Prot. Cruiser Amiral Cécille (1888)
  • Prot. Cruiser Davout (1889)
  • Forbin class Cruisers (1888)
  • Troude class Cruisers (1888)
  • Alger class Cruisers (1891)
  • Friant class Cruisers (1893)
  • Prot. Cruiser Suchet (1893)
  • Descartes class Cruisers (1893)
  • Linois class Cruisers (1896)
  • D'Assas class Cruisers (1896)
  • Catinat class Cruisers (1896)

  • R. de Genouilly class Cruisers (1876)
  • Cruiser Duquesne (1876)
  • Cruiser Tourville (1876)
  • Cruiser Duguay-Trouin (1877)
  • Laperouse class Cruisers (1877)
  • Villars class Cruisers (1879)
  • Cruiser Iphigenie (1881)
  • Cruiser Naiade (1881)
  • Cruiser Arethuse (1882)
  • Cruiser Dubourdieu (1884)
  • Cruiser Milan (1884)

  • Parseval class sloops (1876)
  • Bisson class sloops (1874)
  • Epee class gunboats (1873)
  • Crocodile class gunboats (1874)
  • Tromblon class gunboats (1875)
  • Condor class Torpedo Cruisers (1885)
  • G. Charmes class gunboats (1886)
  • Inconstant class sloops (1887)
  • Bombe class Torpedo Cruisers (1887)
  • Wattignies class Torpedo Cruisers (1891)
  • Levrier class Torpedo Cruisers (1891)
Marinha do Brasil 1898 Marinha do Brasil
Marinha do Portugal 1898 Marinha do Portugal
Marina de Mexico 1898 Mexico
  • GB Indipendencia (1874)
  • GB Democrata (1875)
Turkish Ottoman navy 1898 Osmanlı Donanması
  • Cruiser Heibtnuma (1890)
  • Cruiser Lufti Humayun (1892)
  • Cruiser Hadevendighar (1892)
  • Shadieh class cruisers (1893)
  • Turkish TBs (1885-94)
Regia Marina 1898 Regia Marina
  • Pr. Amadeo class (1871)
  • Caio Duilio class (1879)
  • Italia class (1885)
  • Ruggero di Lauria class (1884)
  • Carracciolo (1869)
  • Vettor Pisani (1869)
  • Cristoforo Colombo (1875)
  • Flavio Goia (1881)
  • Amerigo Vespucci (1882)
  • C. Colombo (ii) (1892)
  • Pietro Micca (1876)
  • Tripoli (1886)
  • Goito class (1887)
  • Folgore class (1887)
  • Partenope class (1889)
  • Giovanni Bausan (1883)
  • Etna class (1885)
  • Dogali (1885)
  • Piemonte (1888)
  • Staffeta (1876)
  • Rapido (1876)
  • Barbarigo class (1879)
  • Messagero (1885)
  • Archimede class (1887)
  • Guardiano class GB (1874)
  • Scilla class GB (1874)
  • Provana class GB (1884)
  • Curtatone class GB (1887)
  • Castore class GB (1888)
Imperial Japanese navy 1898 Nihhon Kaigun
  • Ironclad Fuso (1877)
  • Kongo class Ironclads (1877)

  • Cruiser Tsukushi (1880)
  • Cruiser Takao (1888)
  • Cruiser Yaeyama (1889)
  • Cruiser Chishima (1890)
  • Cruiser Tatsuta (1894)
  • Cruiser Miyako (1898)

  • Frigate Nisshin (1869)
  • Frigate Tsukuba (acq.1870)
  • Kaimon class CVT (1882)
  • Katsuragi class SCVT (1885)
  • Sloop Seiki (1875)
  • Sloop Amagi (1877)
  • Corvette Jingei (1876)
  • Gunboat Banjo (1878)
  • Maya class GB (1886)
  • Gunboat Oshima (1891)
German Navy 1898 Kaiserliche Marine
  • Ironclad Hansa (1872)
  • G.Kurfürst class (1873)
  • Kaiser class (1874)
  • Sachsen class (1877)
  • Ironclad Oldenburg (1884)

  • Ariadne class CVT (1871)
  • Leipzig class CVT (1875)
  • Bismarck class CVT (1877)
  • Carola class CVT (1880)
  • Corvette Nixe (1885)
  • Corvette Charlotte (1885)
  • Schwalbe class Cruisers (1887)
  • Bussard class (1890)

  • Aviso Zieten (1876)
  • Blitz class Avisos (1882)
  • Aviso Greif (1886)
  • Wacht class Avisos (1887)
  • Meteor class Avisos (1890)
  • Albatross class GBT (1871)
  • Cyclop GBT (1874)
  • Otter GBT (1877)
  • Wolf class GBT (1878)
  • Habitch class GBT (1879)
  • Hay GBT (1881)
  • Eber GBT (1881)
  • Rhein class Monitors (1872)
  • Wespe class Monitors (1876)
  • Brummer class Arm.Steamers (1884)
Russian Imperial Navy 1898 Russkiy Flot
Marina do Peru Marina Do Peru
  • Lima class Cruisers (1880)
  • Chilean TBs (1879)
Swedish Navy 1898 Svenska Marinen
Norwegian Navy 1898 Søværnet
  • Lindormen (1868)
  • Gorm (1870)
  • Odin (1872)
  • Helgoland (1878)
  • Tordenskjold (1880)
  • Iver Hvitfeldt (1886)
Royal Navy 1898 Royal Navy 1898
  • Hotspur (1870)
  • Glatton (1871)
  • Devastation class (1871)
  • Cyclops class (1871)
  • Rupert (1874)
  • Neptune class (1874)
  • Dreadnought (1875)
  • Inflexible (1876)
  • Agamemnon class (1879)
  • Conqueror class (1881)
  • Colossus class (1882)
  • Admiral class (1882)
  • Trafalgar class (1887)
  • Victoria class (1890)
  • Royal Sovereign class (1891)
  • Centurion class (1892)
  • Renown (1895)

  • HMS Shannon (1875)
  • Nelson class (1876)
  • Iris class (1877)
  • Leander class (1882)
  • Imperieuse class (1883)
  • Mersey class (1885)
  • Surprise class (1885)
  • Scout class (1885)
  • Archer class (1885)
  • Orlando class (1886)
  • Medea class (1888)
  • Barracouta class (1889)
  • Barham class (1889)
  • Pearl class (1889)
  • 1870-90 Torpedo Boats
  • Spanish Navy 1898 Armada 1898
    • Ironclad Pelayo (1887)

    • Aragon class (1879)
    • Velasco class (1881)
    • Isla de Luzon (1886)
    • Alfonso XII class (1887)
    • Reina Regentes class (1887)
    • Infanta Maria Teresa class (1890)
    • Emperador Carlos V (1895)
    • Cristobal Colon (1896)
    • Princesa de Asturias class (1896)

    • Destructor class (1886)
    • Temerario class (1891)
    • TGunboat Filipinas (1892)
    • De Molina class (1896)
    • Furor class (1896)
    • Audaz class (1897)
    • Spanish TBs (1878-87)
    • Fernando class gunboats (1875)
    • Concha class gunboats (1883)
    US Navy 1898 1898 US Navy US Navy 1898☍ See the Page
    • USS Maine (1889)
    • USS Texas (1892)
    • Indiana class (1893)
    • USS Iowa (1896)

    • Amphitrite class (1876)
    • USS Puritan (1882)
    • USS Monterey (1891)

    • Atlanta class (1884)
    • USS Chicago (1885)
    • USS Charleston (1888)
    • USS Baltimore (1888)
    • USS Philadelphia (1889)
    • USS San Francisco (1889)
    • USS Newark (1890)
    • USS New York (1891)
    • USS Olympia (1892)
    • Cincinatti class (1892)
    • Montgomery class (1893)
    • Columbia class (1893)
    • USS Brooklyn (1895)

    • USS Vesuvius (1888)
    • USS Katahdin (1893)
    • USN Torpedo Boats (1886-1901)
    • GB USS Dolphin (1884)
    • Yorktown class GB (1888)
    • GB USS Petrel (1888)
    • GB USS Bancroft (1892)
    • Machias class GB (1891)
    • GB USS Nashville (1895)
    • Wilmington class GB (1895)
    • Annapolis class GB (1896)
    • Wheeling class GB (1897)
    • Small gunboats (1886-95)
    • St Louis class AMC (1894)
    • Harvard class AMC (1888)
    • USN Armoured Merchant Cruisers
    • USN Armed Yachts

    WW1

    ☉ Entente Fleets

    US ww1 US Navy ☍ See the Page
    British ww1 Royal Navy ☍ See the Page
    French ww1 Marine Nationale ☍ See the Page
    Japan ww1 Nihhon Kaigun ☍ See the Page
    Russia ww1 Russkiy Flot ☍ See the Page
    Italy ww1 Regia Marina

    ✠ Central Empires

    German Navy 1914 Kaiserliche Marine
    austria-hungary ww1 KuK Kriesgmarine
    turkey ww1 Osmanli Donmanasi
    • Barbarossa class battleships (1892)
    • Yavuz (1914)
    • Cruiser Mecidieh (1903)
    • Cruiser Hamidieh (1903)
    • Cruiser Midilli (1914)
    • Namet Torpedo cruisers (1890)
    • Sahahani Deria Torpedo cruisers (1892)
    • Destroyers class Berk-Efshan (1894)
    • Destroyers class Yarishar (1907)
    • Destroyers class Muavenet (1909)
    • Berk i Savket class Torpedo gunboats (1906)
    • Marmaris gunboat (1903)
    • Sedd ul Bahr class gunboats (1907)
    • Isa Reis class gunboats (1911)
    • Preveze class gunboats (1912)
    • Turkish WW1 Torpedo Boats
    • Turkish Armed Yachts (1861-1903)
    • Turkish WW1 Minelayers

    ⚑ Neutral Countries

    Americas
    Argentinian navy Argentina
    Brazilian Navy Brazil
    Chilean Navy 1914 Chile
    Cuban Navy 1914 Cuba
    • Gunboat Baire (1906)
    • Gunboat Patria (1911)
    • Diez de octubre class GB (1911)
    • Sloop Cuba (1911)
    Haitian Navy 1914 Haiti
    • Gunboat Dessalines (1883)
    • GB Toussaint Louverture (1886)
    • GB Capois la Mort (1893)
    • GB Crete a Pierot (1895)
    Mexican Navy Mexico
    • Cruiser Zatagosa (1891)
    • GB Plan de Guadalupe (1892)
    • Tampico class GB (1902)
    • N. Bravo class GB (1903)
    Peruvian Navy 1914 Peru
    • Almirante Grau class (1906)
    • Ferre class subs. (1912)
    Europe
    Bulgarian Navy Bulgaria
    • Cruiser Nadezhda (1898)
    • Drski class TBs (1906)
    Danish Navy 1914 Denmark
    • Skjold class (1896)
    • Herluf Trolle class (1899)
    • Herluf Trolle (1908)
    • Niels Iuel (1918)
    • Hekla class cruisers (1890)
    • Valkyrien class cruisers (1888)
    • Fyen class crusiers (1882)
    • Danish TBs (1879-1918)
    • Danish Submarines (1909-1920)
    • Danish Minelayer/sweepers
    Greek Royal Navy Greece
    Dutch Empire Navy 1914 Netherlands
    • Eversten class (1894)
    • Konigin Regentes class (1900)
    • De Zeven Provincien (1909)
    • Dutch dreadnought (project)
    • Holland class cruisers (1896)
    • Fret class destroyers
    • Dutch Torpedo boats
    • Dutch gunboats
    • Dutch submarines
    • Dutch minelayers
    Norwegian Navy 1914 Norway
    • Haarfarge class (1897)
    • Norge class (1900)
    • Norwegian Monitors
    • Cr. Frithjof (1895)
    • Cr. Viking (1891)
    • DD Draug (1908)
    • Norwegian ww1 TBs
    • Norwegian ww1 Gunboats
    • Sub. Kobben (1909)
    • Ml. Fröya (1916)
    • Ml. Glommen (1917)
    Portuguese navy 1914 Portugal
    • Coastal Battleship Vasco da Gama (1875)
    • Cruiser Adamastor (1896)
    • Sao Gabriel class (1898)
    • Cruiser Dom Carlos I (1898)
    • Cruiser Rainha Dona Amelia (1899)
    • Portuguese ww1 Destroyers
    • Portuguese ww1 Submersibles
    • Portuguese ww1 Gunboats
    Romanian Navy 1914 Romania
    Spanish Armada Spain
    Swedish Navy 1914 Sweden
    Asia
    Chinese navy 1914 China
    Thai Empire Navy 1914 Thailand
    • Maha Chakri (1892)
    • Thoon Kramon (1866)
    • Makrut Rajakumarn (1883)

    ⚏ WW1 3rd/4th rank navies

    ✈ WW1 Naval Aviation

    US naval aviation USN
    • Boeing model 2/3/5 (1916)
    • Aeromarine 39 (1917)
    • Curtiss H (1917)
    • Curtiss F5L (1918)
    • Curtiss VE-7 (1918)
    • Curtiss NC (1918)
    • Curtiss NC4 (1918)
    RNAS RNAS
    • Short 184 (1915)
    • Fairey Campania (1917)
    • Felixtowe F2 (1916)
    • Felixtowe F3 (1917)
    • Felixtowe F5 (1918)
    • Sopwith Baby (1917)
    • Fairey Hamble Baby (1917)
    • Fairey III (1918)
    • Short S38 (1912)
    • Short Admiralty Type 166 (1914)
    • Short Admiralty Type 184 (1915)

    • Blackburn Kangaroo
    • Sopwith 1-1/2 Strutter
    • Sopwith Pup
    • Sopwith Cuckoo 1918
    • Royal Aircraft Factory Airships
    German Imperial naval aviation Marineflieger
    • Albatros W.4 (1916)
    • Albatros W.8 (1918)
    • Friedrichshafen Models
    • Gotha WD.1-27 (1918)
    • Hansa-Brandenburg series
    • L.F.G V.19 Stralsund (1918)
    • L.F.G W (1916)
    • L.F.G WD (1917)
    • Lübeck-Travemünde (1914)
    • Oertz W series (1914)
    • Rumpler 4B (1914)
    • Sablatnig SF (1916)
    • Zeppelin-Lindau Rs series
    • Kaiserlichesmarine Zeppelins
    French naval aviation French Naval Aviation
    • Borel Type Bo.11 (1911)
    • Nieuport VI.H (1912)
    • Nieuport X.H (1913)
    • Donnet-Leveque (1913)
    • FBA-Leveque (1913)
    • FBA (1913)
    • Donnet-Denhaut (1915)
    • Borel-Odier Type Bo-T(1916)
    • Levy G.L.40 (1917)
    • Blériot-SPAD S.XIV (1917)
    • Hanriot HD.2 (1918)
    • Zodiac Airships
    Italian naval aviation Italian Naval Aviation
    • Ansaldo SVA Idro (1916)
    • Ansaldo Baby Idro (1915)
    • Macchi M3 (1916)
    • Macchi M5 (1918)
    • SIAI S.12 (1918)
    Russian naval aviation Russian Naval Aviation
    • Grigorovich M-5 (1915)
    • Grigorovich M-9 (1916)
    • Grigorovich M-11 (1916)
    • Grigorovich M-15 (1916)
    • Grigorovich M-16 (1916)
    • Grigorovich M-16 (1916)
    ✠ K.u.K. SeeFliegkorps
    • Lohner E (1914)
    • Lohner L (1915)
    • Oeffag G (1916)
    IJN Aviation IJN Air Service
    • IJN Farman 1914
    • Yokosho Rogou Kougata (1917)
    • Yokosuka Igo-Ko (1920)

    WW2

    ✪ Allied ww2 Fleets

    US ww2 US Navy
    British ww2 Royal Navy ☍ See the Page
    French ww2 Marine Nationale ☍ See the Page
    Soviet ww2 Sovietskiy Flot ☍ See the Page
    Royal Canadian Navy Royal Canadian Navy ☍ See the Page
    Royal Australian Navy Royal Australian Navy ☍ See the Page
    Koninklije Marine, Dutch Navy ww2 Dutch Navy ☍ See the Page
    Chinese Navy Chinese Navy 1937 ☍ See the Page

    ✙ Axis ww2 Fleets

    Japan ww2 Imperial Japanese Navy ☍ See the Page
    italy ww2 Regia Marina ☍ See the Page
    German ww2 Kriegsmarine ☍ See the Page

    ⚑ Neutral Navies

    Armada de Argentina Argentinian Navy ☍ See the Page
    Marinha do Brasil Brazilian Navy ☍ See the Page
    Armada de Chile Chilean Navy ☍ See the Page
    Søværnet Danish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Niels Iuel (1918)
    • Danish ww2 Torpedo-Boats
    • Danish ww2 submarines
    • Danish ww2 minelayer/sweepers
    Merivoimat Finnish Navy ☍ See the Page
    Hellenic Navy Hellenic Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Greek ww2 Destroyers
    • Greek ww2 submarines
    • Greek ww2 minelayers
    Marynarka Vojenna Polish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Cruiser ORP Dragon
    • Cruiser ORP Conrad
    • Brislawicka class Destroyers
    • Witcher ww2 Destroyers
    • Minelayer Gryf
    • Wilk class sub.
    • Orzel class sub.
    • Jakolska class minesweepers
    • Polish Monitors
    Portuguese navy ww2 Portuguese Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Douro class DDs
    • Delfim class sub
    • Velho class gb
    • Albuquerque class gb
    • Nunes class sloops
    Romanian Navy Romanian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Romanian ww2 Destroyers
    • Romanian ww2 Submarines
    Royal Norwegian Navy Sjøforsvaret ☍ See the Page
    • Norwegian ww2 Torpedo-Boats
    Spanish Armada Spanish Armada ☍ See the Page
    Svenska Marinen Svenska Marinen ☍ See the Page
    • Sverige class CBBs (1915)
    • Gustav V class CBBs (1918)
    • Interwar Swedish CBB projects

    • Tre Kronor class (1943)
    • Gotland (1933)
    • Fylgia (1905)

    • Ehrernskjold class DDs (1926)
    • Psilander class DDs (1926)
    • Klas Horn class DDs (1931)
    • Romulus class DDs (1934)
    • Göteborg class DDs (1935)
    • Mode class DDs (1942)
    • Visby class DDs (1942)
    • Öland class DDs (1945)

    • Swedish ww2 TBs
    • Swedish ww2 Submarines
    • Swedish ww2 Minelayers
    • Swedish ww2 MTBs
    • Swedish ww2 Patrol Vessels
    • Swedish ww2 Minesweepers
    Türk Donanmasi Turkish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Kocatepe class Destroyers
    • Tinaztepe class Destroyers
    • İnönü class submarines
    • Submarine Dumplumpynar
    • Submarine Sakarya
    • Submarine Gur
    • Submarine Batiray
    • Atilay class submarines
    Royal Yugoslav Navy Royal Yugoslav Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Cruiser Dalmacija
    • Dubrovnik class DDs
    • Beograd class DDs
    • Osvetnik class subs
    • Hrabi class subs
    • Gunboat Beli Orao
    Royal Thai Navy Royal Thai Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Taksin class
    • Ratanakosindra class
    • Sri Ayuthia class
    • Puket class
    • Tachin class
    • Sinsamudar class sub
    minor navies Minor Navies ☍ See the Page

    ✈ Naval Aviation

    Latest entries | WW1 | Cold War
    US naval aviation USN aviation ☍ See the Page
    Fleet Air Arm ☍ See the Page
    IJN aviation ☍ See the Page
    • Mitsubishi 1MF (1923)
    • Nakajima A1N (1930)
    • Nakajima A2N (1932)
    • Mitsubishi A5M "Claude" (1935)
    • Nakajima A4N (1935)
    • Mitsubishi A6M "zeke" (1940)
    • Nakajima J1N Gekko "Irving" (1941)
    • Mitsubishi J2M Raiden "Jack" (1942)
    • Kawanishi N1K-J Shiden "George" (1942)
    • Nakajima J5N Tenrai (1944)

    • Aichi S1A Denko* (1944)
    • Mitsubishi A7M reppu* (1944)
    • Mitsubishi J8M1 Shusui* (1945)
    • Mitsubishi J8M2 Shusui-kai* (1945)
    • Kyushu J7W Shinden* (1945)
    • Nakajima J9Y Kikka* (1945)

    • Mitsubishi 1MT (1922)
    • Mitsubishi B1M (1923)
    • Mitsubishi B2M (1932)
    • Kugisho B3Y (1932)
    • Aichi D1A "Susie" (1934)
    • Yokosuka B4Y "Jean" (1935)
    • Mitsubishi B5M "Mabel" (1937)
    • Nakajima B5N "Kate" (1937)
    • Aichi D3A "Val" (1940)
    • Nakajima B6N "Jill" (1941)
    • Aichi B7A "Grace" (1942)
    • Nakajima C6N Saiun "Myrt" (1942)
    • Yokosuka D4Y "Judy" (1942)
    • Yokosuka MXY-7 "Baka" (1944)

    • Mitsubishi G3M "Nell" (1935)
    • Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" (1941)
    • Kawanishi P1Y Ginga "Frances" (1943)
    • Kyushu Q1W Tokai "Lorna" (1943)
    • Tachikawa Ki-74 "Patsy" (1944)
    • Nakajima G8N Renzan "Rita" (1944)

    • Mitsubishi K3M "Pine" (1930)
    • Nakajima C2N1 (1931)
    • Yokosuka K5Y1 "Willow" (1933)
    • Nakajima L1N1 (1937)
    • Kawanishi H6K2/4-L (1938)
    • Kyushu K10W1 "Oak" (1941)
    • Kyushu K11W1 Shiragiku (1942)
    • Mitsubishi L4M1 (1942)
    • Nakajima G5N Shinzan "Liz" (1942)
    • Yokosuka L3Y "Tina" (1942)
    • Kyushu Q1W1-K "Lorna"(1943)
    • Aichi M6A1-K Nanzan (1943)
    • Yokosuka MXY-7K-1 "Kai" (1944)
    • Yokosuka MXY-8 Akigusa (1945)

    • Hiro H1H (1926)
    • Yokosuka E1Y (1926)
    • Nakajima E2N (1927)
    • Aichi E3A (1929)
    • Yokosuka K4Y (1930)
    • Nakajima E4N (1931)
    • Nakajima E8N "Dave" (1935)
    • Kawanishi E7K "Alf" (1935)
    • Kawanishi E11K1 (1937)
    • Aichi E11A "Laura" (1938)
    • Watanabe E9W (1938)
    • Watanabe K8W* (1938)
    • Mitsubishi F1M "pete" (1941)
    • Nakajima E14Y "Glen" (1941)
    • Aichi E13A "Jake" (1941)
    • Aichi H9A (1942)
    • Nakajima A6M2-N (1942)
    • Kawanishi E15K Shiun (1942)
    • Kawanishi N1K1 "Rex" (1943)
    • Aichi E16A "Zuiun" (1944)
    • Aichi M6A1 Seiran (1945)

    • Kawanishi E11K* (1937)
    • Kawanishi H6K "Mavis" (1938)
    • Kawanishi K6K* (1938)
    • Kawanishi H6K3 (1939)
    • Kawanishi K8K (1940)
    • Kawanishi H8K "Emily" (1942)
    • Yokosuka H5Y "Cherry" (1936)

    • Mitsubishi 2MR (1923)
    • Yokosho K1Y (1924)
    • Yokosuka K2Y (1928)
    • Mitsubishi K3M "Pine" (1930)
    • Hitachi LXG1 (1934)
    • Kyushu K10W "Oak" (1943)
    Italian Aviation ☍ See the Page
    French Aeronavale ☍ See the Page
    • Levasseur PL5/9 (1924)
    • Wibault 74 (1926)
    • CAMS 37 (1926)
    • Gourdou-Leseurre GL.300 series (1926-39)
    • Levasseur PL7 (1928)
    • Levasseur PL10 (1929)
    • Latécoere 290 (1931)
    • Breguet 521/22/23 (1931)
    • Leo H257 bis (1932)
    • Latécoere 300 series (1932)
    • Morane 226 (1934)
    • Dewoitine 376 (1934)
    • Latécoere 321 (1935)
    • Potez 452 (1935)
    • Latécoere 38.1 (1936)
    • Loire 210 (1936)
    • Leo H43 (1936)
    • Levasseur PL107 (1937)
    • Loire 130 (1937)
    • Dewoitine HD.730 (1938)
    • Latecoere 298 (1938)
    • LN 401 (1938)
    Soviet Naval Aviation
    Luftwaffe (Naval) ☍ See the Page
    • Arado 197 (1937)
    • Fieseler Fi-167 (1938)
    • Junkers Ju-87C (1938)
    • Messerschmitt Me 109T (1941)
    • Messerschmitt 155 (1944)

    • Heinkel HE 1 (1921)
    • Caspar U1 (1922)
    • Dornier Do J Wal (1922)
    • Dornier Do 16 ‘Wal’ (1923)
    • Heinkel HE 2 (1923)
    • Junkers A 20/Ju 20 (1923)
    • Rohrbach Ro II (1923)
    • Rohrbach Ro III (1924)
    • Dornier Do D (1924)
    • Dornier Do E (1924)
    • Junkers G 24 (1924)
    • Rohrbach Ro IV (1925)
    • Heinkel HD 14 (1925)
    • Heinkel HE 25 (1925)
    • Heinkel HE 26 (1925)
    • Heinkel HE 24 (1926)
    • Heinkel HE 4 (1926)
    • Junkers W 33/34 (1926)
    • Heinkel HE 5 (1926)
    • Rohrbach Ro VII Robbe (1926)
    • Rohrbach Ro V Rocco (1927)
    • Heinkel HE 31 (1927)
    • Heinkel HE 8 (1927)
    • Arado W II (1928)
    • Heinkel HD 9 (1928)
    • Heinkel HD 16 (1928)
    • Heinkel He 55 (1929)
    • Heinkel He 56 (1929)
    • Arado SSD I (1930)
    • Junkers Ju 52w (1930)
    • Heinkel HE 42 (1931)
    • Heinkel He 50 (1931)
    • Heinkel He 59 (1931)
    • Arado Ar 66 (1932)
    • Heinkel He 58 (1932)
    • Junkers Ju 46 (1932)
    • Klemm Kl 35bW (1932)
    • Heinkel He 62 (1932)
    • Heinkel He 60 (1933)
    • Heinkel He 51w (1933)
    • Arado Ar 95 (1937)
    • Arado Ar 196 (1937)
    • Arado Ar 199 (1939)
    • Blohm & Voss Ha 139 (1936)
    • Blohm & Voss BV 138 (1937)
    • Blohm & Voss Ha 140 (1937)
    • Blohm & Voss BV 222 (1938)
    • Blohm & Voss BV 238 (1942)
    • Dornier Do 24/318 (1937)
    • Dornier Do 18 (1935)
    • Dornier Do 26 (1938)
    • Dornier Do 22 (1938)
    • DFS Seeadler (1936)
    • Focke-Wulf Fw 58W (1935)
    • Focke-Wulf Fw 62 (1937)
    • Heinkel He 114 (1936)
    • Heinkel He 115 (1936)
    • Heinkel He 119 (1936)
    Dutch Naval Aviation
    • Fokker W.3 (1915)
    • Fokker T.II (1921)
    • Fokker B.I/III (1922)
    • Fokker B.II (1923)
    • Fokker T.III (1924)
    • Fokker T.IV (1927)
    • Fokker B.IV (1928)
    • Fokker C.VII W (1928)
    • Fokker C.VIII W (1929)
    • Fokker C.XI W (1934)
    • Fokker C.XIV-W (1937)
    • Fokker T.VIII-W (1939)

    ☢ The Cold War

    ☭ WARSAW PACT

    Sovietskaya Flota Sovietskiy flot ☍ See the Page
    Warsaw Pact cold war navy Warsaw Pact Navies ☍ See the Detail
    • Albania
    • Bulgaria
    • Czechoslovakia
    • Hungary
    • Volksmarine East Germany
    • Parchim class corvettes (1985)
    • Hai class sub-chasers (1958)
    • Volksmarine's minesweepers
    • Volksmarine's FAC
    • Volksmarine's Landing ships
    • ORP Warzsawa (1970)
    • ORP Kaszub (1986)
    • Polish Landing ships
    • Polish FACs
    • Polish Patrol ships
    • Polish Minesweepers
    • Missile Destroyer Muntenia (1982)
    • Tetal class Frigates (1981)
    • Romanian river patrol crafts

    ✦ NATO

    bundesmarine Bundesmarine ☍ See the Page
    Dutch Navy Danish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Hvidbjornen class Frigates (1962)
    • Frigate Beskytteren (1976)
    • Peder Skram class Frigates (1965)
    • Thetis class frigates (1989)
    • Bellona class corvettes (1955)
    • Niels Juel class corvettes (1979)

    • Delfinen class submarines (1958)
    • Narhvalen class submarines (1970)

    • Bille class Torpedo Boats (1946)
    • Flyvefisken class Torpedo Boats (1954)
    • Falken class Torpedo Boats (1960)
    • Soloven class Torpedo Boats (1962)
    • Willemoes class FAC (1976)
    • Flyvefisken class FAC (1989)
    • Daphne class Patrol Boats (1960)
    • Danish Minelayers
    • Danish Minesweepers
    Dutch Navy Dutch Navy ☍ See the Page
    • CV Karel Doorman (1948)
    • De Zeven Provinciën class cruisers (1945)
    • Holland class DDs (1953)
    • Friesland class DDs (1953)
    • Roodfier class Frigates (1953)
    • Frigate Lynx (1954)
    • Van Speijk class Frigates (1965)
    • Tromp class Frigates (1973)
    • Kortenaer class frigates (1976)
    • Van H. class Frigates (1983)
    • K. Doorman class Frigates (1988)
    • Dolfijn clas sub. (1959)
    • Zwaardvis class subs. (1970)
    • Walrus class subs. (1985)
    • ATD Rotterdam (1990s)
    • Dokkum class minesweepers (1954)
    • Alkmaar class minesweepers (1982)
    Hellenic Navy Hellenic Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Hydra class FFs (1990)
    • Greek cold war Subs
    • Greek Amphibious ships
    • Greek MTBs/FACs
    • Greek Patrol Vessels
    Eire Irish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Eithne class PBs (1983)
    • Cliona class PBs
    • Deidre/Emer class PBs
    • Orla class fast PBs
    Marina Militare Marina Militare ☍ See the Page
      Aircraft Carriers
    • Giuseppe Garibaldi (1983)
    • Conte di Cavour (2004)*
    • Trieste (2022)*
    • Cruisers
    • Missile cruiser Garibaldi (1960)
    • Doria class H. cruisers (1962)
    • Vittorio Veneto (1969)
    • Destroyers

    • Impetuoso class (1956)
    • Impavido class (1957)
    • Audace class (1971)
    • De La Penne class (1989)
    • Orizzonte class (2007)*
    • Frigates
    • Grecale class (1949)
    • Canopo class (1955)
    • Bergamini class (1960)
    • Alpino class (1967)
    • Lupo class (1976)
    • Maestrale class (1981)
    • Bergamini class (2013)*
    • Thaon di Revel class (2020)*
    • Corvettes (OPV)
    • Albatros class (1954)
    • De Cristofaro class (1965)
    • Minerva class (1987)
    • Cassiopeia class (1989)
    • Esploratore class (1997)*
    • Sirio class (2003)*
    • Commandanti class (2004)*
    • Submarines
    • Toti class (1967)
    • Sauro class (1976)
    • Pelosi class (1986)
    • Sauro class (1992)*
    • Todaro class (2006)*
    • Attack/Amphibious ships
    • San Giorgio LSD (1987)
    • Gorgona class CTS (1987)
    • Italian Landing Crafts (1947-2020)
    • Misc. ships
    • Folgore PB (1952)
    • Lampo class PBs (1960)
    • Freccia class PBs (1965)
    • Sparviero class GMHF (1973)
    • Stromboli class AOR (1975)
    • Anteo SRS (1980)
    • Etna class LSS (1988)
    • Vulcano AOR (1998)*
    • Elettra EWSS (2003)*
    • Etna AOR (2021)*
    • Mine warfare ships
    • Lerici class (1982)
    • Gaeta class (1992)*
    Marine Française Marine Nationale ☍ See the Page
      Battleships
    • Jean Bart (1949)
    • Aircraft/Helicopter carriers
    • Dixmude (1946)
    • Arromanches (1946)
    • Lafayette class light carriers (1954)
    • PA 28 class project (1947)
    • Clemenceau class (1957)
    • Jeanne d'Arc (1961)
    • PA 58 (1958)
    • PH 75/79 (1975)
    • Charles de Gaulle (1994)

    • Cruisers
    • De Grasse (1946)
    • Chateaurenault class (1950)
    • Colbert (1956)

    • Destroyers
    • Surcouf class (1953)
    • Duperre class (1956)
    • La Galissonniere class (1960)
    • Suffren class (1965)
    • Aconit (1970)
    • Tourville class (1972)
    • G. Leygues class (1976)
    • Cassard class (1985)

    • Frigates
    • Le Corse class (1952)
    • Le Normand class (1954)
    • Cdt Riviere class (1958)
    • Estiennes D'Orves class (1973)
    • Lafayette class (1990)

    • Corvettes
    • Estiennes D'Orves class (1973)
    • Floreal class (1990)

    • Submarines
    • La Creole class (1940)
    • Narval class (1954)
    • Arethuse class (1957)
    • Daphne class (1959)
    • Gymnote test SSBN (1964)
    • Le Redoutable SSBN (1967)
    • Agosta SSN (1974)
    • Rubis SSN (1979)
    • Amethyste SSN (1988)
    • Le Triomphant SSBN (started 1989)

    • Amphibian Ships
    • Issole (1958)
    • EDIC class (1958)
    • Trieux class (1958)
    • Ouragan lass (1963)
    • Champlain lass (1973)
    • Bougainville (1986)
    • Foudre class (1988)
    • CDIC lass (1989)

    • Misc. ships
    • Le Fougueux class (1958)
    • La Combattante class (1964)
    • Trident class (1976)
    • L'Audacieuse class (1984)
    • Grebe class (1989)
    • Sirius class (1952)
    • Circe class (1972)
    • Eridan class (1979)
    • Vulcain class (1986)
    RCAN RCAN ☍ See the Page
    • HCMS Bonaventure (1957)
    • St Laurent class DDE (1951)
    • Algonquin class DDE (1952)
    • Restigouche class DDs (1954)
    • Mackenzie class DDs (1961)
    • Annapolis class DDH (1963)
    • Iroquois class DDH (1970)

    • River (mod) 1955
    • Tribal class FFs (Pjct)
    • City class DDH (1988)

    • Ojibwa class sub. (1964)
    • Kingston class MCFV (1995)
    Royal Navy Royal Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Cold War Aircraft Carriers
    • Centaur class (1947)
    • HMS Victorious (1957)
    • HMS Eagle (1946)
    • HMS Ark Royal (1950)
    • HMS Hermes (1953)
    • CVA-01 class (1966 project)
    • Invincible class (1977)

    • Cold War Cruisers
    • Tiger class (1945)

    • Destroyers
    • Daring class (1949)
    • 1953 design (project)
    • Cavendish class (1944)
    • Weapon class (1945)
    • Battle class (1945)
    • FADEP program (1946)
    • County class GMD (1959)
    • Bristol class GMD (1969)
    • Sheffield class GMD (1971)
    • Manchester class GMD (1980)
    • Type 43 GMD (1974)

    • British cold-war Frigates
    • Rapid class (1942)
    • Tenacious class (1941)
    • Whitby class (1954)
    • Blackwood class (1953)
    • Leopard class (1954)
    • Salisbury class (1953)
    • Tribal class (1959)
    • Rothesay class (1957)
    • Leander class (1961)
    • BB Leander class (1967)
    • HMS Mermaid (1966)
    • Amazon class (1971)
    • Broadsword class (1976)
    • Boxer class (1981)
    • Cornwall class (1985)
    • Duke class (1987)

    • British cold war Submarines
    • T (conv.) class (1944)
    • T (Stream) class (1945)
    • A (Mod.) class (1944)
    • Explorer class (1954)
    • Strickleback class (1954)
    • Porpoise class (1956)
    • Oberon class (1959)
    • HMS Dreanought SSN (1960)
    • Valiant class SSN (1963)
    • Resolution class SSBN (1966)
    • Swiftsure class SSN (1971)
    • Trafalgar class SSN (1981)
    • Upholder class (1986)
    • Vanguard class SSBN (started)

    • Assault ships
    • Fearless class (1963)
    • HMS Ocean (started)
    • Sir Lancelot LLS (1963)
    • Sir Galahad (1986)
    • Ardennes/Avon class (1976)
    • Brit. LCVPs (1963)
    • Brit. LCM(9) (1980)

    • Minesweepers/layers
    • Ton class (1952)
    • Ham class (1947)
    • Ley class (1952)
    • HMS Abdiel (1967)
    • HMS Wilton (1972)
    • Hunt class (1978)
    • Venturer class (1979)
    • River class (1983)
    • Sandown class (1988)

    • Misc. ships
    • HMS Argus ATS (1988)
    • Ford class SDF (1951)
    • Cormorant class (1985)
    • Kingfisger class (1974)
    • HMS Jura OPV (1975)
    • Island class OPVs (1976)
    • HMS Speedy PHDF (1979)
    • Castle class OPVs (1980)
    • Peacock class OPVs (1982)
    • MBT 538 class (1948)
    • Gay class FACs (1952)
    • Dark class FACs (1954)
    • Bold class FACs (1955)
    • Brave class FACs (1957)
    • Tenacity class PCs (1967)
    • Brave class FPCs (1969)
    Armada de espanola - Spanish cold war navy Spanish Armada ☍ See the Page
    • Dédalo aircraft carrier (1967)
    • Principe de Asturias (1982)

    • Alava class DDs (1946)
    • Audaz class DDs (1955)
    • Oquendo class DDs (1956)
    • Roger de Lauria class (1967)

    • Baleares class FFs (1971)
    • Descubierta class FFs (1978)
    • Numancia class FFs (1987)

    • Pizarro class gunboats (1944)
    • Artevida class Cvs (1952)
    • Serviola class Cvs (1990)
    • Spanish cold-war submarines
    • Spanish FACs
    • Spanish Minesweepers
    Svenska Marinen Svenska Marinen ☍ See the Page
    • Tre Kronor class (1946)
    • Öland class DDs (1945)
    • Halland class DDs (1952) (1945)
    • Ostergotland class DDs (1956)
    • Spica III class Corvettes (1984)
    • Goteborg class Corvettes (1989)

    • U1 class subs (mod.1963)
    • Hajen class subs (1954)
    • Sjoormen class subs (1967)
    • Nacken class subs (1978)
    • Vastergotland class subs (1986)
    • Gotland class subs (1995)

    • T32 class MTBs (1951)
    • T42 class MTBs (1955)
    • Plejad class FACs (1951)
    • Spica I class FACs (1966)
    • Spica II class FACs (1972)
    • Hugin class FACs (1973)
    • Swedish Patrol Boats
    • Swedish minesweepers
    • Swedish Icebreakers
    Taiwanese Navy Taiwanese Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Kwang Hua class FFs (1991)
    • Kwang Hua II class FFs (1993)
    • Hai Lung class sub. (1986)
    • LCU 1466 class LCU (1955)
    • Fuh Chow class FAC
    • Lung Chiang class FAC
    • Hai Ou class FAC(M)
    • MWW 50 class minehunters
    Turkish Navy Turkish Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Berk class FFs (1971)
    • Atilay class sub. (1974)
    • Cakabey class LST
    • Osman Gazi class LST
    • Turkish Fast Attack Crafts
    • Turkish Patrol Boats
    US Navy USN (cold war) ☍ See the Page

    ☯ ASIA

    Chinese Navy ☍ See the Page
    Indian Navy Indian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Vikrant class CVs (1961)
    • Viraat class CVs (1986)

    • Cruiser Delhi (1948)
    • Cruiser Mysore (1957)
    • Raja class DDs (1949)
    • Rajput class DDs (1980)
    • Delhi class DDs (1990)

    • Khukri class FFs (1956)
    • Talwar class FFs (1958)
    • Brahmaputra class FFs (1957)
    • Nilgiri class FFs (1968)
    • Godavari class FFs (1980)

    • Kusura class subs (1970)
    • Shishumar class subs (1984)
    • Sindhugosh class subs (1986)

    • Indian Amphibious ships
    • Indian corvettes (1969-90)
    • Khukri class corvettes (1989)
    • SDB Mk.2 class PBs (1977)
    • Vikram class OPVs (1979)
    • Sukanya class OPVs (1989)
    Indonesia Indonesian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Fatahilla class Frigates (1977)
    • Pattimura class corvettes (1956)
    • Indonesian Marines
    • Indonesian Mine Vessels
    • Indonesian FAC/OPVs
    JMSDF JMSDF ☍ See the Page
      JMSDF Destroyers
    • Harukaze class DD (1955)
    • Ayanami class DD (1957)
    • Murasame class DD (1958)
    • Akizuki class DD (1959)
    • Amatukaze missile DD (1963)
    • Yamagumo class DDE (1965)
    • Takatsuki class DD (1966)
    • Minegumo class DDE (1967)
    • Haruna class DDH (1971)
    • Tachikaze class DD (1974)
    • Shirane class DDH (1978)
    • Hatsuyuki class DDs (1980)
    • Hatakaze class DDs (1984)
    • Asigiri class DDs (1986)
    • Kongo class DDs (started 1990)

    • JMSDF Frigates
    • Akebono class FFs (1955)
    • Isuzu class FFs (1961)
    • Chikugo class FFs (1970)
    • Ishikari class FFs (1980)
    • Yubari class FFs (1982)
    • Abukuma class FFs (1988)

    • JMSDF submarines
    • Oyashio class Sub. (1959)
    • Hayashio class Sub. (1961)
    • Natsushio class Sub. (1963)
    • Oshio class Sub. (1964)
    • Uzushio class Sub. (1970)
    • Yushio class Sub. (1979)
    • Harushio class Sub. (1989)

    • JMSDF Misc. ships
    • Japanese Landing Ships
    • Japanese Large Patrol Ships
    • Japanese Patrol Crafts
    • Japanese Minesweepers
    • Japanese Sub-chasers
    North Korean Navy North Korean Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Najin class Frigates
    • Experimental Frigate Soho
    • Sariwan class Corvettes

    • Sinpo class subs.
    • Sang-O class subs.
    • Yono class subs.
    • Yugo class subs.

    • Hungnam class LCM
    • Hante class LST
    • Songjong class HVC
    • Sin Hung/Ku Song FACs
    • Anju class FACs
    • Iwon class FACs
    • Chaho class FACs
    • Hong Jin class FAC-G
    • Sohung class MTBs
    • Sinpo class MTBs
    • Nampo class FALC
    Philippines Navy Philippines Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Datu Kalantian class Frigates (1976)
    • Bacolod City class LS(L)
    • Philippino Patrol Crafts
    Rep. of Korea Navy ROKN ☍ See the Page
    • Ulsan class frigates (1980)
    • Pohang class corvettes (1984)
    • Dong Hae class corvettes (1982)
    • Han Kang class patrol corvettes (1985)
    • Chamsuri (PKM 268) PBs (1978)
    • ROKS coast guard vessels
    • Paek Ku class FAC (1975)
    • Kang Keong class minehunters (1986)
    Taiwanese Navy Taiwanese Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Kwang Hua class FFs (1991)
    • Kwang Hua II class FFs (1993)
    • Hai Lung class sub. (1986)
    • LCU 1466 class LCU (1955)
    • Fuh Chow class FAC
    • Lung Chiang class FAC
    • Hai Ou class FAC(M)
    • MWW 50 class minehunters

    ☪ MIDDLE EAST

    Israeli Navy IDF Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Eilat class Corvettes (1993)
    • SAAR 5 Project
    • SAAR 1 FAC
    • SAAR 4 FAC
    • SAAR 4.5 FAC
    • Dvora class FAC
    • Shimrit class MHFs
    • IDF FACs/PBs
    • Etzion Geber LST
    • Ash class LCT
    Iranian Navy Iranian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Destroyer Artemiz (1965)
    • Bayandor class FFs (1963)
    • Alvand class FFs (1969)
    • Khalije Fars class DDs (2016)*

    ♅ OCEANIA

    Australian Navy RAN ☍ See the Page
    • HMAS Sydney (1948*)
    • HMAS Melbourne (1955*)
    • Tobruk class DDs (1947)
    • Voyager class DDs (1952)
    • Perth class MDD (1963)
    • Quadrant class FFs (1953)
    • Yarra class FFs (1958)
    • Swan class FFs (1967)
    • Adelaide class MFFs (1978)
    • Anzac class MFFs (1990s)
    • Oxley class subs (1965)
    • Collins class subs (1990s)
    • Australian Amphibious ships
    • Fremantle class PBs
    RNZN Royal New Zealand Navy ☍ See the Page
    • HMNZS Royalist (1956)
    • Pukaki class patrol Crafts (1974)
    • Moa class patrol crafts (1983)
    • HMNZS Aotearoa (2019)*

    ☩ South America

    Armada de argentina Argentina ☍ See the Page
    • ARA Independencia (1958)
    • ARA Veinticinco de Mayo (1968)
    • Belgrano class cruisers (1951)
    • Almirante Brown class Frigates (1981)
    • Mantilla class corvettes (1981)
    • Espora class corvettes (1982)
    • Salta class submarines (1972)
    • Santa Cruz class submarines (1982)
    Brazilian Navy Brazilian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Minas Gerais aircraft carrier (1956)
    • Cruiser Barroso (1951)
    • Cruiser Tamandare (1951)
    • Acre class destroyers (1945)
    • Niteroi class Frigates (1974)
    • Ihnauma class Frigate (1986)
    • Tupi class submarines (1987)
    • Brazilian patrol ships
    Chilean Navy Chilean Navy ☍ See the Page
    • O'Higgins class cruisers
    • Lattore Cruiser (1971)
    • Almirante class destroyers (1960)
    • Prat class M. Destroyers (1982)
    • Almirante Lynch class Frigates (1972)
    • Thomson class subs (1982)
    • Small surface combatants
    Peruvian Navy Peruvian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • Almirante Grau(ii) class
    • Almirante Grau(iii) class
    • Abtao class sub.
    • PR-72P class corvettes
    • Velarde class OPVs

    ℣ AFRICA

    Egyptian Navy Egyptian Navy ☍ See the Page
    • October class FAC/M (1975)
    • Ramadan class FAC/M (1979)
    SADF South African Navy ☍ See the Page
    ☫ Minor cold war/modern Navies Algerian NavyAzerbaijani NavyBangladesh NavyBarheini NavyBolivian NavyCambodian NavyComoros NavyCosta Rica NavyCroatian NavyCuban NavyDjibouti NavyDominican Republic NavyEquadorian NavyEstonian NavyEthiopian NavyFinnish NavyGeorgian NavyHaitian NavyHonduras NavyIcelandic NavyIraqi NavyJordanian NavyKuwaiti NavyLatvian NavyLebanese NavyLiberian NavyLibyan NavyLithuanian NavyMauritanian NavyMexican NavyMorrocan NavyNicaraguan NavyNorwegian NavyOmani NavyPakistani NavyParaguaian NavyQatari NavySan Salvador NavySaudi NavySerbian NavySingaporean NavySlovenian NavySomalian NavySudanese NavySyrian NavyThai NavyTunisian NavyUAE NavyUruguayan NavyVenezuelan NavyVietnamese NavyYemeni NavyZanzibar Navy

    ✚ MORE

    ⚔ Cold War Naval Events
    • ⚔ Indochina War naval ops
    • ⚔ Korean War naval ops
    • ⚔ 1956 intervention in Suez
    • ⚔ 1960 Cuban crisis
    • ⚔ 1960 US/Soviet compared strenghts
    • ⚔ 1963-69 Algerian war naval ops
    • ⚔ Naval warfare in Vietnam
    • ⚔ Middle East naval fights
    • ⚔ 1980 Falkland wars
    • ⚔ 1990 Gulf War
    ⚔ Modern Navies
    ✈ Cold War Naval Aviation See the full section
    Seaplanes
    • Grumman Mallard 1946
    • Edo OSE-1 1946
    • Short Solent 1946

    • de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver 1947
    • Grumman Albatross 1947
    • Hughes H-4 Hercules (completed & first flight, prototype)
    • Saunders-Roe SR.A/1 1947 (jet fighter seaplane prototype)
    • Short Sealand 1947

    • Martin P5M Marlin 1948
    • Supermarine Seagull ASR-1 1948 (prototype successor to the Walrus)
    • Nord 1400 Noroit 1949
    • Norsk Flyindustri Finnmark 5A (interesting Norwegian prototype)
    • SNCASE SE-1210 French prototype flying boat 1949

    • Convair R3Y Tradewind USN patrol flying boat 1950
    • Goodyear Drake (proto seaboat) 1950
    • de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter 1951 (RCAN)
    • Saunders-Roe Princess 1952 (RN requisition possible)

    • Convair F2Y Sea Dart Prototype delta jet fighter seaplane 1953
    • Martin P6M SeaMaster strategic bomber flying boat 1955

    • Ikarus Kurir H 1957

    • Shin Meiwa UF-XS prototype 1962
    • Shin Meiwa PS-1 patrol flying boat 1967
    • Canadair CL-215 1967 water bomber, some operated by the RCAN
    • GAF Nomad patrol australian land/floatplane 1971
    • Harbin SH-5 Main PLAN patrol flying boat 1976
    • Cessna 208 Caravan transport flotplane (some navies) 1982
    • Dornier Seastar prototype 1984

    • Patrol Planes
    • ATR 42 MP Surveyor (Italy, 1984)
    • ATR 72 MP (Italy 1988)

    • ATR 72 ASW (France, 1988)
    • Breguet Atlantic (France 1965)
    • Nord 1402 Noroit (France 1949)

    • Avro Shackleton (UK 1949)
    • BAE Nimrod MRA4 (UK 2004)
    • Britten-Norman Defender/Islander (UK 1970)
    • Fairey Gannet (UK 1949)
    • Hawker-Siddeley Nimrod (UK 1967)

    • Beechcraft King Air (USA 1963)
    • Basler BT-67 (USA 1990)
    • Boeing 737 Surveiller (USA 1967)
    • Boeing P-8 Poseidon (USA 2009)
    • Lockheed P-2 Neptune (USA, 1945)
    • Lockheed P-3 Orion (USA 1959)
    • Martin P4M Mercator (USA 1946)
    • Convair P5Y (USA 1950)
    • Douglas/BSAS Turbo Dakota (USA 1991)

    • Bombardier DHC-8 MPA/MSA (Can 2007)
    • Canadair CP-107 Argus (Can 1957)

    • CASA C-212 MPA (Spain 1971)
    • CASA/IPTN CN-235 MPA/HC-144 Ocean Sentry (Spain 1983)
    • CASA C-295 MPA (Spain 1997)

    • Diamond DA42 Guardian (Austria 2002)

    • Dornier 228 (Germany 1981)

    • Embraer EMB 111 Bandeirante (Brazil 1968)
    • Embraer R-99 (Brazil 2001)
    • Embraer P-99 (Brazil 2003)

    • Fokker F27 200-MAR (NL 1955)
    • Fokker F27 Maritime Enforcer (NL 1955)

    • IAI 1124N Sea Scan (Israel 1977)

    • Kawasaki P-1 (Japan 2007)
    • Kawasaki P-2J (Japan 1966)

    • Saab Swordfish (Sweden 2016)
    • Shaanxi Y-8F,Q,X (China 1984)
    • Short Seavan (UK 1976)

    • Beriev Be-8 1947
    • Beriev Be-6 1949
    • Beriev R-1 turbojet prototype seaplane 1952
    • Beriev Be-10 1956
    • Beriev Be-12 Chaika 1960
    • Beriev Be-40/A-40 Albatross prototypes 1986
    • Chetverikov TA-1 1947
    • Ilyushin Il-38 'May' (USSR 1967)
    • Myasishchev 3M/3MD (USSR 1956)
    • Tupolev Tu-16T/PL/R/RM/SP (USSR 1952)
    • Tupolev Tu-95MR (USSR 1961)
    • Tupolev Tu-142 (USSR 1968)

    • Carrier Planes
      USN
    • Douglas A-3 Skywarrior
    • Douglas A-4 Skyhawk
    • Douglas A2D Skyshark
    • Douglas AD Skyraider
    • Douglas F3D Skynight
    • Douglas F4D Skyray
    • Grumman A-6 Intruder
    • Grumman AF Guardian
    • Grumman C-1 Trader
    • Grumman C-2 Greyhound
    • Grumman E-1 Tracer
    • Grumman E-2 Hawkeye
    • Grumman EA-6B Prowler
    • Grumman F-9 Cougar
    • Grumman F9F Panther
    • Grumman F-11 Tiger
    • Grumman F-14 Tomcat ➚
    • Grumman S-2 Tracker
    • Lockheed Martin F-35B
    • Lockheed S-3 Viking ➚
    • McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II
    • McDonnell Douglas T-45 Goshawk
    • McDonnell FH Phantom
    • McDonnell F2H Banshee
    • McDonnell F3H Demon
    • McDonnell-Douglas AV-8B Harrier II
    • McDonnell-Douglas F/A-18 Hornet
    • North American A-5 Vigilante
    • North American AJ Savage
    • North American FJ Fury
    • North American T-2 Buckeye
    • North American T-28 Trojan
    • Vought A-7 Corsair
    • Vought F-8 Crusader
    • Vought F6U Pirate
    • Vought F7U Cutlass
    • Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet
    • Boeing EA-18G Growler
    • RN
    • Blackburn Buccaneer
    • Boulton Paul Sea Balliol
    • BAe Sea Harrier
    • de Havilland Sea Vampire
    • de Havilland Sea Venom
    • de Havilland Sea Vixen
    • Fairey Gannet
    • Hawker Sea Hawk
    • Short Seamew
    • Westland Wyvern
    • Marine Nationale
    • Breguet Alizé
    • Dassault Étendard IV
    • Dassault Super Étendard
    • Dassault Rafale M
    • Fouga CM.175 Zéphyr M
    • SNCASE Aquilon
    • Soviet Navy
    • Sukhoi Su-25UTG/UBP
    • Sukhoi Su-33
    • Yakovlev Yak-38

    Navy Helicopters
      Chinese PLAN:
    • Harbin Z-5 (1958)
    • Harbin Z-9 Haitun (1981)
    • Changhe Z-8 (1985)
    • Harbin Z-20 (in development)
    • Italy:
    • Agusta Bell AB-205 (1961)
    • Agusta Bell AB-212 (1971)
    • Agusta AS-61 (1968)
    • India:
    • Hal Dhruv (Indian Navy)
    • France:
    • Alouette II (1955)
    • Alouette III (1959)
    • Super Frelon (1965)

    • Cougar ()
    • Panther ()
    • Super Cougar H225M ()
    • Fennec ()
    • MH-65 Dolphin ()
    • UH-72 Lakota ()
    • Germany:
    • MBB Bo 105 (1967)
    • NHIndustries NH90
    • Japan:
    • Mitsubishi H-60 (1987)
    • Poland:
    • PZL W-3 Sokół (1979)
    • Romania:
    • IAR 330M (1975)
    • United Kingdom:
    • Westland Lynx (1971)
    • Westland Scout (1960) RAN
    • Westland Sea King (1969)
    • Westland Wasp (1962)
    • Westland Wessex (1958)
    • Westland Whirlwind (1953)
    • Westland WS-51 Dragonfly (1948)
    • USA:
    • Gyrodyne QH-50 DASH
    • Hiller ROE Rotorcycle (1956)
    • Piasecki HRP Rescuer (1945)
    • Bell UH-1N Twin Huey (1969)
    • SH-2 Seasprite (1959)
    • SH-2G Super Seasprite (1982)
    • CH-53 Sea Stallion (1966)
    • SH-60 Seahawk (1979)
    • Sikorsky S-61R (1959)
    • MH-53E Sea Dragon (1974)
    • ussr:
    • Kamov Ka 20 (1958)
    • Ka-25 "Hormone" (1960)
    • Ka-27 "Helix" (1973)
    • Ka-31 (1987)
    • Ka-35 (2015)
    • Ka-40 (1990)
    • Mil-Mi 2 (1949)
    • Mil Mi-4 (1952)
    Civilian ♆ WW1 US Shipping Board
    MORE !